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A Reciprocal Excitatory Reflex Between Extensors Reproduces the Prolongation of Stance Phase in Walking Cats: Analysis on a Robotic Platform
Frontiers in Neurorobotics ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-15 , DOI: 10.3389/fnbot.2021.636864
Toyoaki Tanikawa , Yoichi Masuda , Masato Ishikawa

Spinal reflex is essential to the robust locomotion of quadruped animals. To investigate the reflex mechanisms, we developed a quadruped robot platform that emulates the neuromuscular dynamics of animals. The leg is designed to be highly back-drivable, and four Hill-type muscles and neuronal pathways are simulated on each leg using software. By searching for the reflex circuit that contributes to the generation of steady gait in cats through robotic experiments, we found a simple reflex circuit that could produce leg trajectories and a steady gait. In addition, this circuit can reproduce the experimental behavior observed in cats. As a major contribution of this study, we show that the underlying structure of the reflex circuit is the reciprocal coupling between extensor muscles via excitatory neural pathways. In the walking experiments on the robot, a steady gait and experimental behaviors of walking cats emerged from the reflex circuit without any central pattern generators. Furthermore, to take advantage of walking experiments using a neurophysiological robotic platform, we conducted experiments in which a part of the proposed reflex circuit was disconnected for a certain period of time during walking. The results showed that the prolongation of the stance phase caused by the reciprocal excitatory reflex contributed greatly to the generation of a steady gait.

中文翻译:

伸肌之间的相互兴奋性反射会重现行走猫的站立阶段的延长:在机器人平台上的分析

脊柱反射对于四足动物的强劲运动至关重要。为了研究反射机制,我们开发了一个四足机器人平台,可以模拟动物的神经肌肉动力学。腿部设计为高度可向后驱动,并且使用软件在每条腿上模拟了四个Hill型肌肉和神经元通路。通过寻找通过机器人实验有助于猫稳定步态生成的反射电路,我们发现了一个简单的反射电路,它可以产生腿部轨迹和稳定步态。此外,该电路可以重现在猫中观察到的实验行为。作为这项研究的主要贡献,我们证明了反射回路的基础结构是通过兴奋性神经通路的伸肌之间的相互耦合。在机器人的步行实验中,没有任何中央模式发生器的情况下,反射电路就出现了步行猫的稳定步态和实验行为。此外,为了利用使用神经生理学机器人平台的步行实验的优势,我们进行了实验,其中在步行过程中,在一定时间内断开了所提出的反射电路的一部分。结果表明,由相互的兴奋性反射引起的姿势阶段的延长对稳定步态的产生有很大的贡献。我们进行了实验,在步行过程中,建议的反射电路的一部分断开了一定的时间。结果表明,由相互的兴奋性反射引起的姿势阶段的延长对稳定步态的产生有很大的贡献。我们进行了实验,在步行过程中,建议的反射电路的一部分断开了一定的时间。结果表明,由相互的兴奋性反射引起的姿势阶段的延长对稳定步态的产生有很大的贡献。
更新日期:2021-03-17
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