This paper explores the origins of the horse games (hippika gymnasia) of the Roman imperial army. It argues that the equestrian displays lengthily described by Arrian in his tactical treatise were borrowed from the Gallic and Iberian Celts, who formed the most important part of the Roman auxiliary cavalry at the end of the Republic and at the beginning of the Principate. Mask helmets were worn by the most renowned horsemen during these games. The first examples of such masks in Roman context can be found on triumphal representations celebrating victories over Celtiberian or Gallic foes. The evidence suggests that they were initially made of organic materials, like the over-modelled or plastered skull masks that could adorn public monuments in pre-Roman Gaul. From the end of the 1^st century BC onward, they began to adopt the form of full metal helmets and were progressively adapted to the Greco-Roman taste. The idea that the hippika gymnasia were borrowed from the Roman equestrian parade called the lusus Troiae and that mask helmets were part of an old Italic tradition should, therefore, be abandoned.

本文探讨了罗马帝国军队的赛马运动（hippika gymnasia）的起源。它辩称，阿里安在其战术专着中长时间描述的马术表演是从高卢和伊比利亚凯尔特人那里借来的，后者在共和国末期和原理开始时构成了罗马辅助骑兵的最重要组成部分。在这些比赛中，最著名的骑兵戴了口罩头盔。可以在庆祝凯尔特比利亚人或高卢人敌人胜利的凯旋雕像中找到此类面具在罗马语境中的首例。证据表明，它们最初是由有机材料制成的，例如过分造型或贴有石膏的骷髅面具，可能会装饰罗马前高卢时期的公共纪念物。从1的端部^ST公元前世纪开始，他们开始采用全金属头盔的形式，并逐渐适应希腊罗马风格。该想法hippika体育馆从罗马马术游行借来称为lusus Troiae和面罩头盔是一对老斜体传统的一部分，因此应该被抛弃。