Transient flow characteristics and dissipation mechanism in pressurized pipeline were investigated based on 1D friction models and 3D turbulence models, where the pressure–density model was combined into the 3D continuity equation allowing for the elasticity of the fluid and the pipes. The applicability of 3D realizable k–ε and 3D SST (shear stress transport) k–ω turbulence models was verified with comparison to 1D traditional water hammer models and the experimental data for fast closing of the valve in the reservoir–pipe–valve system. The valve closure rule was instantaneously carried out using the grid slip CFD (computational fluid dynamics) technique. The SST k–ω turbulence model has the highest accuracy in predicting the pressure attenuation of transient flows. The 3D detailed flow field confirms that the asymmetric flows induced by the change of valve opening within approximately three-fourths of the pipe inner diameter before the valve are captured. In the pressure wave cycles, the unsteady inertia, axial pressure gradient, viscous shear stress and turbulent shear stress mainly influence the velocity variations. During the pressure wave propagation, the viscous and turbulent dissipation are critical in the pressure attenuation in the wall region; the viscous dissipation is mainly concentrated in the viscous sublayer, while the turbulent dissipation increases to the maximum values at y⁺ = 13–23.

基于一维摩擦模型和三维湍流模型，研究了压力管道中的瞬态流动特性和耗散机理，将压力密度模型组合到3D连续性方程中，从而获得了流体和管道的弹性。3D变现的适用性ķ - ε和3D SST（剪切应力运输）ķ - ω湍流模型用比较1D传统的水锤模式和用于在所述贮存管阀系统的阀的快速关闭的实验数据证实。阀门关闭规则是使用网格滑动CFD（计算流体动力学）技术即时执行的。在SST ķ - ω湍流模型在预测瞬变流的压力衰减方面具有最高的准确度。3D详细流场证实，在捕获阀门之前，由阀门开度变化引起的不对称流动在管道内径的大约四分之三以内。在压力波循环中，非惯性，轴向压力梯度，粘性剪切应力和湍流剪切应力是影响速度变化的主要因素。在压力波传播过程中，粘性和湍流耗散对于壁区域中的压力衰减至关重要。粘性耗散主要集中在粘性子层，而湍流耗散则在y ⁺ = 13-23时增加到最大值。