In situ pumps were used to collect size-fractionated particles (>53 μm and 1–53 μm) from the upper ocean of the high latitude North Atlantic during spring and summer 2010, and samples were subsequently analysed for Al, P, Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Ba and Pb. Two research cruises during May 2010 coincided with an eruption of the Eyjafjallajökull volcano in southern Iceland, which resulted in widespread dispersal of ash over the region. Ash deposition caused a noticeable perturbation of particulate trace element concentrations and content within marine particles in the Iceland Basin, relative to the Irminger Basin, most evident for lithogenic elements (Al, Ti, Fe), but also noticeable in elemental ratios for the other elements. The initial volcanic ash influence had largely disappeared by the third research cruise in July/August 2010, although there was evidence for a recent wind erosion event having transported remobilized volcanic ash from southern Iceland to the northern Iceland Basin in early July, further perturbing local trace element biogeochemistry. During summer 2010, concentrations of all measured elements except Ba were typically lower 10 m beneath the surface mixed layer relative to those within it, driven primarily by a rapid decrease in the concentrations of large (>53 μm) biogenic particles. Depth-dependent trends were more variable over the next hundred metres for all elements except the biogenic elements P and Cd, for which concentrations decreased further. The continued loss of biogenic material with depth due to remineralization (reflected by particulate P concentrations) led to an increase in content per mass of material for all other elements measured. The observed differences in upper ocean particulate P and Fe distributions highlight the mechanism driving seasonal Fe limitation in the high latitude North Atlantic: rapid loss of P by remineralization regenerates dissolved phosphate close to the base of the mixed layer, while most particulate Fe persists deeper in the water column, removing the potential for resupply of dissolved Fe to surface waters.

原位泵用于从高纬度上层海洋中收集大小分级的颗粒（> 53μm和1–53μm）在2010年春季和夏季的北大西洋，随后分析了样品中的Al，P，Ti，V，Mn，Fe，Co，Ni，Cu，Zn，Cd，Ba和Pb。2010年5月进行了两次研究航行，同时冰岛南部的Eyjafjallajökull火山喷发，导致火山灰在该地区广泛散布。相对于Irminger盆地，灰烬沉积引起冰岛盆地海洋颗粒中的微量元素浓度和含量显着扰动，对于成岩元素（Al，Ti，Fe）最明显，但其他元素的元素比率也很明显。最初的火山灰影响在2010年7月/ 8月的第三次研究航行中已基本消失，尽管有证据表明最近发生了一次风蚀事件，但已于7月初将重新迁移的火山灰从冰岛南部运到冰岛北部盆地，这进一步扰乱了当地的痕量元素生物地球化学。在2010年夏季期间，除Ba外，所有测量元素的浓度通常都低于表面混合层下的10 m（主要是由于大（> 53μm）生物颗粒的浓度迅速降低）。除生物源元素P和Cd浓度进一步降低外，所有元素在接下来的100米中深度依赖的趋势变化更大。持续亏损 除了Ba以外，所有测量元素的浓度通常都比表面混合层下的低10 m，这主要是由于大型（> 53μm）生物颗粒的浓度迅速下降所致。除生物源元素P和Cd浓度进一步降低外，所有元素在接下来的100米中深度依赖的趋势变化更大。持续亏损 除了Ba以外，所有测量元素的浓度通常都比表面混合层下的低10 m，这主要是由于大型（> 53μm）生物颗粒的浓度迅速下降所致。除生物源元素P和Cd浓度进一步降低外，所有元素在接下来的100米中深度依赖的趋势变化更大。持续亏损由于再矿化而具有深度的生物成因材料（由颗粒物P的浓度反映）导致所有其他测量元素的每质量物质含量增加。在高海拔北大西洋，观测到的海洋颗粒物P和Fe分布的差异突显了驱动季节性Fe限制的机制：再矿化过程中P的快速流失会在混合层的底部附近再生溶解的磷酸盐，而大多数Fe仍在深层存在。水柱，消除了溶解的铁重新供应到地表水中的可能性。