Abstract

Ionic liquids (ILs) are salts with exceptional properties, such as high thermal stability and low melting point, making them potential substitutes for conventional organic solvents. However, because of their relatively high solubility in water, ILs can enter aquatic systems as pollutants via wastewater discharge. The presence of ILs in the environment is concerning because many ILs have low biodegradability, which can be associated with high ecotoxicity. Crucially, the degradability of ILs is dependent on the nature of their anion and cation components, and many ILs are not readily degraded in conventional wastewater treatment plants and, thus, accumulate in the environment. Therefore, cost-effective solutions to treat these pollutants are required. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are a group of technologies that can remove a wide range of recalcitrant pollutants. In this work, we review the literature concerning IL degradation by AOPs, including Fenton-based systems and photo- and electrochemical treatments, as well as their combinations. The operating conditions, kinetic aspects, and degradation pathways are reviewed.

摘要

离子液体 (ILs) 是具有特殊性能的盐，例如高热稳定性和低熔点，使其成为传统有机溶剂的潜在替代品。然而，由于它们在水中的溶解度相对较高，ILs 可以通过废水排放作为污染物进入水生系统。环境中 ILs 的存在是令人担忧的，因为许多 ILs 具有低生物降解性，这可能与高生态毒性有关。至关重要的是，离子液体的可降解性取决于其阴离子和阳离子成分的性质，许多离子液体在传统的废水处理厂中不易降解，因此会在环境中积累。因此，需要有成本效益的解决方案来处理这些污染物。高级氧化工艺 (AOP) 是一组可以去除各种顽固污染物的技术。在这项工作中，我们回顾了有关 AOP 降解 IL 的文献，包括基于 Fenton 的系统和光和电化学处理，以及它们的组合。审查了操作条件、动力学方面和降解途径。