In this article, we review the place of “the human” in influential approaches to the Anthropocene to expose the diverse conceptualizations of humanity and human futures. First, we synthesize current research on humans as landscape modifiers across space and time, making a key distinction between the “old Anthropocene” (beginning with human food production) and the “new Anthropocene” (coinciding with the start of the Industrial Revolution). Second, we engage critical perspectives on the structuring effects of capitalist and colonialist systems—now periodized as the Capitalocene and Plantationocene, respectively—that have driven environmental degradation and human inequality over the past half-millennium. In the third section, we introduce alternative perspectives from anthropological and ethnographic research that confront the socioecological disruptions of capitalism and colonialism, drawing on indigenous Amazonian perspectives that have a more capacious understanding of the human—including species other than Homo sapiens. Finally, to conclude, we extend our analysis to a broader suite of visions for building socially and environmentally just futures captured in the framework of the pluriverse, which stands in strong contrast with the techno-modernist aspirations for the next stage in which humans become separated from Earth, in space. In recognizing these varied understandings of humanity, we hope to call attention to the diverse possibilities for human futures beyond the Anthropocene.

在本文中，我们回顾了“人类”在人类世世影响力方法中的地位，以揭示人类和人类未来的多样化概念。首先，我们综合了当前人类在空间和时间上作为景观改良剂的研究，对“旧人类世”（始于人类粮食生产）和“新人类世”（正值工业革命的开始）进行了主要区分。第二，我们就资本主义和殖民主义体系的结构效应（现在分别定为资本新世和种植园世）进行批判性研究，这些体系在过去半个世纪中已导致环境恶化和人类不平等。在第三部分中智人。最后，总而言之，我们将分析扩展到更广泛的构想，以构建在多元论框架下捕获的社会和环境公正的期货，这与技术现代主义者对下一阶段人类分离的愿望形成强烈反差。来自地球，在太空中。在认识到对人类的这些不同理解后，我们希望唤起人们对人类世界以外人类未来的各种可能性的关注。