Engineering materials for nuclear reactors exposed to high-dose irradiation breed various radiation damage, leading to performance degradation of materials, which seriously limits the application of materials in the future advanced nuclear reactors. Tungsten-based materials applied in future nuclear reactors have to withstand not only the attack of high-energy neutron and plasma, but also the repeated impact of steady-state or even transient thermal load. Researches in the past decades have proved that tailored nanostructure have advantage in annihilating radiation defects. With the rapid development of nanostructured tungsten, probing radiation application of nanostructured tungsten is of great significance in promoting the development of novel radiation-resistant materials. Herein, the development status of three kinds of nanostructured tungsten namely nanocrystalline, nanofilm and nanoporous tungsten designed for radiation tolerance and the performance enhancement mechanism of diverse nanostructure in irradiation environment is reviewed. Finally, future perspectives and technical challenges are discussed, to inspire more creative designs of novel nanostructured tungsten for radiation tolerance.

暴露于大剂量辐照下的核反应堆工程材料会造成各种辐射损伤，导致材料性能下降，严重限制了材料在未来先进核反应堆中的应用。未来核反应堆中使用的基于钨的材料不仅必须承受高能中子和等离子体的攻击，还必须承受稳态甚至瞬态热负荷的反复冲击。过去几十年的研究证明，定制的纳米结构在消除辐射缺陷方面具有优势。随着纳米结构钨的快速发展，探测纳米结构钨的辐射应用对促进新型耐辐射材料的发展具有重要意义。在此处，综述了为耐受辐射而设计的三种纳米结构钨，即纳米晶钨，纳米膜和纳米多孔钨的发展现状，以及各种纳米结构在辐照环境下的性能增强机理。最后，讨论了未来的前景和技术挑战，以激发新颖的纳米钨结构的设计以提高其耐辐射性。