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Critical plant phosphorus for winter wheat assessed from long-term field experiments
European Journal of Agronomy ( IF 4.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-16 , DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2021.126263
Mario Fontana , Gilles Bélanger , Juliane Hirte , Noura Ziadi , Saïd Elfouki , Luca Bragazza , Frank Liebisch , Sokrat Sinaj

Optimizing the use of phosphorus (P) fertilizers is essential considering the environmental issues linked to over fertilization and the limited rock phosphate reserve. Diagnosing the crop P status by calculating a phosphorus nutrition index (PNI) based on the plant critical P concentration (Pc) could help determine the minimum amount of P fertilizer to ensure maximum crop yield. This study investigated (i) the effect of P fertilization on winter wheat (Triticum hybernum L.) shoot biomass and grain yield after several decades of different annual P fertilization rates, (ii) the stability over several site-years of the Pc expressed either as a function of shoot biomass or shoot nitrogen (N) concentration, and (iii) the possibility of using the PNI or the shoot N-to-Pc ratio as nutritional indicators to diagnose P deficiency and predict the expected response to P fertilization. Shoot biomass and its P and N concentrations were measured weekly at five site-years along with grain yield after several decades of P fertilization treatments that ranged between 0 and 5/3 of the theoretical P crop uptake. The P fertilization did not affect the grain yield, but it generally increased shoot biomass especially at the CD 27- -37 developmental stages. The Pc expressed either as a function of shoot biomass or shoot N concentration differed among site-years and this was attributed to differences in crop N status. When N was not deficient, we developed a Pc dilution curve as a function of shoot biomass (SB) (4.56 × SB−0.279) along with a linear relationship (Pc = 1.10 + 0.061 × N) and a power function (Pc = 0.34 × N0.632) between Pc and shoot N concentration. The N-to-Pc ratio was related to shoot biomass accumulation according to a power function, but the relationship also differed among site-years. The relative shoot biomass responded positively to the PNI up to different thresholds for limiting and non-limiting N conditions. The relative grain yield, however, was not related to the PNI. The PNI, based on the Pc dilution curve, has potential as a nutritional indicator to diagnose P deficiency and the expected response to P fertilization, but more research is needed to clarify the effect of N deficiencies on the Pc dilution curve.



中文翻译:

通过长期田间试验评估了冬小麦的关键植物磷

考虑到与过度施肥和磷酸盐岩储量有限相关的环境问题,优化磷(P)肥料的使用至关重要。通过基于植物临界磷浓度(P c)计算磷营养指数(PNI)来诊断作物磷状况,可以帮助确定磷肥的最小量,以确保最大的农作物产量。这项研究调查了(i)几十年不同的年度P施肥量后,P施肥对冬小麦(Triticum hybernum L.)生物量和籽粒产量的影响;(ii)P c的数个站点年的稳定性表示为苗生物量或苗氮(N)浓度的函数,并且(iii)使用PNI或苗N / P c比作为营养指标来诊断P缺乏和预测对P的预期反应的可能性受精。在几十年的磷施肥处理(理论磷吸收量的0到5/3之间)之后,每周在五个地点年份每周测量一次枝条生物量及其磷和氮浓度,以及谷物产量。磷肥不影响籽粒产量,但通常增加了枝条生物量,尤其是在CD 27- -37发育阶段。在P Ç地上部年间,根据地上生物量或地上氮含量的不同而表达的氮含量不同,这归因于作物氮素状态的差异。当N不亏缺时,我们根据茎生物量(SB)(4.56×SB -0.279绘制了P c稀释曲线,以及线性关系(P c = 1.10 + 0.061×N)和幂函数(P在P c和芽N浓度之间,c = 0.34×N 0.632)。N对P c比例与幂函数相关,与枝条生物量的积累有关,但该关系在站位年间也有所不同。在限制和非限制氮条件下,相对的茎生物量对PNI呈正响应,直至达到不同的阈值。但是,相对谷物产量与PNI无关。基于P c稀释曲线的PNI有潜力作为诊断P缺乏症和对P施肥的预期反应的营养指标,但需要更多的研究来阐明N缺乏对P c稀释曲线的影响。

更新日期:2021-03-16
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