Ethanol use is related to a wide variety of negative health outcomes, including cardiovascular diseases. Stress is also involved in numerous pathologies, such as cardiovascular diseases and psychiatric disorders. Sexual dimorphism is an important factor affecting cardiovascular response and has been proposed as a potential risk factor for sex-specific health problems in humans. Here, we evaluated the effect of prolonged ethanol vapor inhalation on arterial pressure, heart rate, and tail skin temperature responses to acute restraint stress, investigating differences between male and female rats. We exposed male and female Long-Evans rats to ethanol vapor for 14 h, followed by ethanol withdrawal for 10 h, for 30 consecutive days, or to room air (control groups). The animals underwent surgical implantation of a cannula into the femoral artery for assessment of arterial pressure and heart rate values. The tail skin temperature was measured as an indirect measurement of sympathetic vasomotor response. Chronic ethanol vapor inhalation reduced basal heart rate in both female and male rats. Sex-related difference was observed in the decrease of tail cutaneous temperature evoked by stress, but not in the pressor and tachycardiac responses. Furthermore, prolonged ethanol inhalation enhanced the blood pressure and heart rate increase caused by acute restraint stress in male, but not in female rats. However, no effect of chronic ethanol vapor was observed in the tail cutaneous temperature response to restraint in either sex. Chronic ethanol vapor exposure increased the cardiovascular reactivity to stress in male, but not in female rats.

中文翻译：

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慢性乙醇蒸气暴露会增强雄性大鼠对急性应激的心血管反应，但不会增强雌性大鼠的心血管反应

乙醇的使用与多种负面健康结果有关，包括心血管疾病。压力还与许多疾病有关，例如心血管疾病和精神疾病。性别二态性是影响心血管反应的重要因素，并被认为是人类特定性别健康问题的潜在危险因素。在这里，我们评估了长期吸入乙醇蒸气对动脉压、心率和尾部皮肤温度对急性束缚应激反应的影响，研究了雄性和雌性大鼠之间的差异。我们将雄性和雌性 Long-Evans 大鼠暴露在乙醇蒸气中 14 小时，然后连续 30 天戒断乙醇 10 小时，或暴露在室内空气中（对照组）。通过手术将插管植入动物的股动脉中，以评估动脉压和心率值。测量尾部皮肤温度作为交感血管舒缩反应的间接测量。长期吸入乙醇蒸气会降低雌性和雄性大鼠的基础心率。在压力引起的尾部皮肤温度降低中观察到性别相关的差异，但在升压和心动过速反应中没有观察到性别相关的差异。此外，长期吸入乙醇会增加雄性大鼠急性束缚应激引起的血压和心率增加，但雌性大鼠则不会。然而，在任何性别的尾部皮肤温度反应中都没有观察到长期乙醇蒸气的影响。长期接触乙醇蒸气会增加雄性大鼠心血管对应激的反应性，但雌性大鼠则不会。