In the paper, the averaging method was used to determine the effective elastic moduli of dispersed B₄C/2024Al composites and porous geomaterials using 2D and 3D X-ray images of their internal structure. A comparison of calculated values of Young’s modulus with experimental data showed that the use of 2D models of the real structure led to underestimated values of Young’s modulus, especially for porous materials. It was found that 3D models with model inclusions in the form of ellipsoids could be used to estimate the effective elastic moduli for composites with inclusion concentrations to 20%. Computational experiments on 3D models of the B₄C/2024Al composite showed that the stress concentration in its inclusions and matrix was significantly higher when the real inclusions were considered instead of ellipsoidal ones. The dynamic behavior of the dispersed B₄C/2024Al composite was studied using models with inclusions in the form of ellipsoids. Stress concentrations under dynamic loading were significantly higher than those in statics. The elastoplastic behavior of the real structure of the B₄C/2024Al composite was investigated in computational experiments on uniform compression, pure shear, and a combination of pure shear and uniform compression. Calculations considering the real structure of inclusions showed that the pure shear diagram depended on the uniform compression, although such a dependence was absent for the matrix material.

在本文中，使用平均方法通过内部结构的2D和3D X射线图像确定分散的B ₄ C / 2024Al复合材料和多孔土工材料的有效弹性模量。将杨氏模量的计算值与实验数据进行比较表明，使用真实结构的2D模型会导致杨氏模量的值被低估，尤其是对于多孔材料。发现以椭圆形形式包含模型夹杂物的3D模型可用于估计夹杂物浓度为20％的复合材料的有效弹性模量。B _4的3D模型的计算实验C / 2024Al复合材料表明，当考虑使用真正的夹杂物而不是椭圆形夹杂物时，其夹杂物和基体中的应力集中明显更高。使用椭圆形夹杂物模型研究了分散的B ₄ C / 2024Al复合材料的动力学行为。动态载荷下的应力集中明显高于静态载荷下的应力集中。B ₄真实结构的弹塑性行为在计算实验中研究了C / 2024Al复合材料的均匀压缩，纯剪切以及纯剪切和均匀压缩的组合。考虑到夹杂物真实结构的计算表明，纯剪切曲线取决于均匀压缩，尽管基体材料没有这种依赖性。