Abstract

Hydrosilicates of the kaolinite group (Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄ · nH₂O) with spherical, nanotubular, and platy particle shapes are synthesized in hydrothermal conditions. The morphology and size of the particles, as well as the porous-textural characteristics, are studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and low-temperature nitrogen absorption. The sorption capacity of the samples relative to the cationic and anionic dyes is investigated on the example of methylene blue and carmoisine. A comparative analysis is conducted for the characteristics of synthetic aluminosilicates and their natural analogs: nanotubular halloysite and kaolinite with platy particles. It is shown that characteristics such as porosity (diameter and volume of pores) and the specific surface area (from 11 m²/g for platy to 470 m²/g for spherical particles) can differ among kaolinite subgroup aluminosilicates having a different morphology. It is shown that the synthetic aluminosilicate with spherical particles (d_av = 300 nm) is an effective universal sorbent of differently charged ions from aqueous solutions and its characteristics are better than for structural analogs and synthetic aluminosilicates of a different morphology.

中文翻译：

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各种形态高岭石基合成铝硅酸盐的吸附能力

摘要

高岭石类的氢硅酸盐（Al ₂ Si ₂ O ₅（OH）₄ · n H ₂在水热条件下合成具有球形，纳米管状和片状颗粒形状的O）。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和低温氮吸收研究了颗粒的形貌和尺寸以及多孔质构特征。以亚甲基蓝和carmoisine为例，研究了样品相对于阳离子和阴离子染料的吸附能力。对合成铝硅酸盐及其天然类似物的特性进行了比较分析：纳米管状埃洛石和片状颗粒的高岭石。结果表明，其孔隙度（孔径和孔体积）和比表面积（从板状的11 m ² / g到470 m ^{2）等特性}对于球形颗粒，/ g）在具有不同形态的高岭石亚族铝硅酸盐之间可以不同。结果表明，具有球形颗粒（d _av = 300 nm）的合成铝硅酸盐是一种有效的通用水溶液吸附剂，可吸收水溶液中带电不同的离子，其特性优于结构类似物和不同形态的合成铝硅酸盐。