Rubber components are used in almost all areas of industrial applications and are often surrounded by liquid media. Caused by thermodynamical reasons the ambient medium is diffusing into or out of the solid. In consequence, the solid can change in mass, volume and material properties. In this study, the diffusion and swelling behaviour using the example of an application of acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) in mesitylene is experimentally investigated. For this purpose, sorption experiments are carried out. Within the framework of continuum mechanical material modelling, a thermodynamically consistent approach is presented, which describes non-linear diffusion of fluids in solids including the swelling phenomenon. Finite strains of the solid as well as an exchange of mass, linear and angular momentum, energy and entropy for open systems are considered. The resulting governing equations of such a multi-field problem are solved using the finite-element method. An optimisation strategy is presented by performing inverse calculations with the numerically converted material model to identify its relevant material parameters. Finally, the swelling of an NBR sealing in mesitylene is simulated.

橡胶组件几乎用于工业应用的所有领域，并且经常被液体介质包围。由于热力学原因，环境介质扩散到固体中或从固体中扩散出来。结果，固体会改变质量，体积和材料特性。在这项研究中，以丙烯腈-丁二烯橡胶（NBR）在均三甲苯中的应用为例，研究了其扩散和溶胀行为。为此，进行吸附实验。在连续机械材料建模的框架内，提出了一种热力学上一致的方法，该方法描述了流体在固体中的非线性扩散，包括溶胀现象。固体的有限应变以及质量，线性和角动量的交换，考虑开放系统的能量和熵。使用有限元方法求解了这种多场问题的最终控制方程。通过对数值转换后的材料模型执行逆计算以识别其相关材料参数，提出了一种优化策略。最后，模拟了NBR密封在均三甲苯中的溶胀。