1. Bio-logging data obtained by tagging animals are key to addressing global conservation challenges. However, the many thousands of existing bio-logging datasets are not easily discoverable, universally comparable, nor readily accessible through existing repositories and across platforms, slowing down ecological research and effective management. A set of universal standards is needed to ensure discoverability, interoperability and effective translation of bio-logging data into research and management recommendations.
2. We propose a standardisation framework adhering to existing data principles (FAIR: Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable; and TRUST: Transparency, Responsibility, User focus, Sustainability and Technology) and involving the use of simple templates to create a data flow from manufacturers and researchers to compliant repositories, where automated procedures should be in place to prepare data availability into four standardised levels: (a) decoded raw data, (b) curated data, (c) interpolated data and (d) gridded data. Our framework allows for integration of simple tabular arrays (e.g. csv files) and creation of sharable and interoperable network Common Data Form (netCDF) files containing all the needed information for accuracy-of-use, rightful attribution (ensuring data providers keep ownership through the entire process) and data preservation security.
3. We show the standardisation benefits for all stakeholders involved, and illustrate the application of our framework by focusing on marine animals and by providing examples of the workflow across all data levels, including filled templates and code to process data between levels, as well as templates to prepare netCDF files ready for sharing.
4. Adoption of our framework will facilitate collection of Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs) in support of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) and inter-governmental assessments (e.g. the World Ocean Assessment), and will provide a starting point for broader efforts to establish interoperable bio-logging data formats across all fields in animal ecology.

中文翻译：

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用于推进生态研究和保护的生物日志数据标准化框架

1. 通过标记动物获得的生物记录数据是解决全球保护挑战的关键。然而，现有的数以千计的生物日志数据集不容易发现、普遍可比，也不容易通过现有存储库和跨平台访问，从而减缓了生态研究和有效管理。需要一套通用标准来确保生物记录数据的可发现性、互操作性和有效转化为研究和管理建议。
2. 我们提出了一个遵循现有数据原则（公平：可查找、可访问、可互操作和可重用；和信任：透明度、责任、用户关注、可持续性和技术）的标准化框架，并涉及使用简单模板来创建来自制造商和研究人员到合规存储库，其中应采用自动化程序将数据可用性准备为四个标准化级别：(a) 解码原始数据，(b) 策划数据，(c) 插值数据和 (d) 网格数据。我们的框架允许集成简单的表格数组（例如 csv 文件）并创建可共享和可互操作的网络通用数据表单 (netCDF) 文件，其中包含使用准确性所需的所有信息，
3. 我们展示了所有相关利益相关者的标准化优势，并通过关注海洋动物并提供跨所有数据级别的工作流程示例来说明我们框架的应用，包括填充模板和代码以处理级别之间的数据，以及模板以准备好共享的 netCDF 文件。
4. 采用我们的框架将有助于收集基本海洋变量 (EOV) 以支持全球海洋观测系统 (GOOS) 和政府间评估（例如世界海洋评估），并将为建立可互操作的更广泛努力提供一个起点动物生态学所有领域的生物记录数据格式。