Mining has a direct impact on the environment and on the health of miners and is considered one of the most hazardous occupations worldwide. Miners are exposed to several occupational health risks, including genotoxic substances, which may cause adverse health effects, such as cancer. This review summarizes the relation between DNA damage and mining activities, focusing on coal and uranium miners. The search was performed using electronic databases, including original surveys reporting genetic damage in miners. Additionally, a temporal bibliometric analysis was performed using an electronic database to create a map of cooccurrence terms. The majority of studies were performed with regard to occupational exposure to coal, whereas genetic damage was assessed mainly through chromosomal aberrations (CAs), micronuclei (MNs) and comet assays. The bibliometric analysis demonstrated associations of coal exposure with silicosis and pneumoconiosis, uranium miners with lung cancer and tumors and some associated factors, such as age, smoking, working time and exposure to radiation. Significantly higher DNA damage in miners compared to nonexposed groups was observed in most of the studies. The timeline reveals that classic biomarkers (comet assay, micronucleus test and chromosomal aberrations) are still important tools to assess genotoxic/mutagenic damage in occupationally exposed miners; however, newer studies concerning genetic polymorphisms and epigenetic changes in miners are being conducted. A major challenge is to investigate further associations between miners and DNA damage and to encourage further studies with miners of other types of ores.

采矿对环境和矿工的健康有直接影响，被认为是全球最危险的职业之一。矿工面临多种职业健康风险，包括可能导致癌症等不良健康影响的基因毒性物质。本综述总结了 DNA 损伤与采矿活动之间的关系，重点是煤矿和铀矿工人。搜索是使用电子数据库进行的，包括报告矿工遗传损伤的原始调查。此外，使用电子数据库进行时间文献计量分析以创建共现术语图。大多数研究是关于职业接触煤进行的，而遗传损伤主要通过染色体畸变 (CA)、微核 (MN) 和彗星试验进行评估。文献计量分析表明，煤炭暴露与矽肺和尘肺、铀矿工人与肺癌和肿瘤以及一些相关因素（如年龄、吸烟、工作时间和辐射暴露）之间存在关联。在大多数研究中，与未暴露组相比，矿工的 DNA 损伤显着更高。时间表显示，经典的生物标志物（彗星试验、微核试验和染色体畸变）仍然是评估职业暴露矿工基因毒性/诱变损伤的重要工具；然而，正在对矿工的遗传多态性和表观遗传变化进行新的研究。一个主要的挑战是调查矿工与 DNA 损伤之间的进一步关联，并鼓励对其他类型矿石的矿工进行进一步研究。