The work described herein compares the performance of different optimized controllers, viz. proportional–integral, proportional–integral–derivative (PID) with filter, two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF)-PID, 3DOF-PID, fractional-order-PID, cascade PI–PID, tilt-integral–derivative (TID), and cascade-TID (CC-TID) controllers in frequency regulation of a hybrid energy distributed power system (HEDPS). The HEDPS is integrated with a multi-unit hydrothermal power plant for ensuring stable power supply. Crow search algorithm has been adopted with chaotic mapping (CCSA) for fine-tuning of the controller settings mentioned above. Extensive analysis has been presented to confirm the superiority of the CC-TID controller compared to other prevalent controllers of state-of-art in terms of different performance specifications. The tuning competence of the CCSA has been demonstrated over conventional CSA and other available optimization techniques. To enhance the mastery of the controller, disturbance-observer (Dob) is developed to estimate fast-changing disturbance profiles and subsequently refines the control law. The controller’s robustness is affirmed under random perturbations, presence of nonlinearities, and variation of parameters. The effect of integration of a geothermal power plant on the system performance has also been outlined. The efficacy of Dob-aided CC-TID controller in frequency regulation is validated thereof.

本文描述的工作比较了不同优化控制器的性能，即。比例-积分、比例-积分-微分 (PID) 带滤波器、二自由度 (2DOF)-PID、3DOF-PID、分数阶 PID、级联 PI-PID、倾斜积分-微分 (TID) ) 和级联 TID (CC-TID) 控制器在混合能源分布式电力系统 (HEDPS) 的频率调节中。HEDPS与多单元水热发电厂集成，以确保稳定的电力供应。乌鸦搜索算法已采用混沌映射 (CCSA) 来微调上述控制器设置。已经进行了广泛的分析，以确认 CC-TID 控制器在不同性能规格方面与其他流行的最先进控制器相比的优越性。CCSA 的调整能力已被证明优于传统的 CSA 和其他可用的优化技术。为了提高对控制器的掌握程度，开发了扰动观测器 (Dob) 来估计快速变化的扰动曲线，并随后细化控制律。在随机扰动、非线性存在和参数变化的情况下，控制器的鲁棒性得到了肯定。还概述了地热发电厂集成对系统性能的影响。验证了Dob辅助CC-TID控制器在频率调节中的功效。扰动观测器 (Dob) 被开发用于估计快速变化的扰动曲线并随后改进控制律。在随机扰动、非线性存在和参数变化的情况下，控制器的鲁棒性得到了肯定。还概述了地热发电厂集成对系统性能的影响。验证了Dob辅助CC-TID控制器在频率调节中的功效。扰动观测器 (Dob) 被开发用于估计快速变化的扰动曲线并随后改进控制律。在随机扰动、非线性存在和参数变化的情况下，控制器的鲁棒性得到了肯定。还概述了地热发电厂集成对系统性能的影响。验证了Dob辅助CC-TID控制器在频率调节中的功效。