The broadening range of applications for vehicles has motivated the evolution of the automotive communication network. Ethernet has been deployed in production vehicles to build in-vehicle networks (IVN) by main manufacturers. To extent Ethernet with real-time service for future E/E architecture, a time-sensitive networking (TSN) profile for automotive Ethernet has been created. This paper evaluates the implementation of multiple traffic scheduling and shaping mechanisms in the automotive Ethernet, respectively. And we especially focus on two solutions, namely the time-aware shaping (TAS) and asynchronous traffic shaping (ATS). To investigate the performance, we introduce a TSN-based automotive gateway testing model in a simulation environment. Further-more, another two methods, i.e., strict-priority and credit-based shaper (CBS), as well as TAS and ATS are implemented in the model and tested within a domain-based IVN scenario. The results show that TAS guarantees the shortest worst-case latency of high-priority streams, whereas it has a longer transmission latency for low-priority streams. ATS provides less determinism for high-priority streams than TAS, but ensures a better average latency of all streams.

中文翻译：

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模拟TSN流量调度和整形以用于未来的汽车以太网

车辆的广泛应用推动了汽车通讯网络的发展。主要制造商已在生产车辆中部署了以太网，以构建车载网络（IVN）。为了为将来的E / E体系结构扩展以太网的实时服务，已经创建了用于汽车以太网的时间敏感网络（TSN）配置文件。本文分别评估了汽车以太网中多种流量调度和整形机制的实现。而且，我们特别关注两种解决方案，即时间感知整形（TAS）和异步流量整形（ATS）。为了研究性能，我们在仿真环境中引入了基于TSN的汽车网关测试模型。此外，还有两种方法，即严格优先级和基于信用的整形器（CBS），以及TAS和ATS都在模型中实现，并在基于域的IVN场景中进行了测试。结果表明，TAS保证了高优先级流的最坏情况最短延迟，而低优先级流的传输延迟更长。与TAS相比，ATS对高优先级流的确定性较小，但可确保所有流的平均延迟更好。