In the last decade researchers have increasingly considered eye tracking of the operators of cars and airplanes as a means to address human error and evaluate operational effectiveness. This article presents a systematic survey of recently published papers about this approach in service to the question as to whether eye tracking can be used to address operational safety in marine operations. The surveyed papers are selected systematically and were categorized according to several defined characteristics. Eye tracking depends on defining operators' areas of interest (AOIs) and measuring operators focus on them over time. We identified the method of defining AOIs as a key distinction between studies; the papers fell into four categories, depending on whether researchers relied on an expert, based it on the stimulus itself, or used an attention map or a clustering algorithm to define the AOIs they used. The article also summarizes and analyzes the design and procedure of the eye-tracking experiments in the papers. Based on the features of marine operation, instruction on AOI definition in different scenarios is extracted; guidelines on experimental design and procedure selection are provided. In the article's conclusion we apply the results to a case study of a heavy-lifting operation to demonstrate the effectiveness of eye-tracking in marine operations.

中文翻译：

---

汽车和航空研究中的眼动追踪调查：对海上行动中眼动追踪研究的启示


在过去的十年中，研究人员越来越多地考虑将汽车和飞机操作员的眼球追踪作为解决人为错误和评估操作有效性的一种手段。本文对最近发表的有关这种方法的论文进行了系统调查，以解决眼动追踪是否可用于解决海上作业中的作业安全问题。调查的论文是系统选择的，并根据几个定义的特征进行分类。眼动追踪取决于定义操作员的兴趣区域 (AOI) 并测量操作员随着时间的推移对这些区域的关注程度。我们将定义 AOI 的方法确定为研究之间的关键区别；这些论文分为四类，具体取决于研究人员是否依赖专家、基于刺激本身，还是使用注意力图或聚类算法来定义他们使用的 AOI。文章还对论文中眼动追踪实验的设计和流程进行了总结和分析。根据海上作业特点，提取不同场景下AOI定义说明；提供了实验设计和程序选择的指南。在文章的结论中，我们将结果应用于重型起重作业的案例研究，以证明眼动追踪在海上作业中的有效性。