Objectives: We extend prior research by considering how low self-control and peer delinquency may work together in a mediating process whereby low self-control increases association with delinquent peers, which in turn increases criminal offending. Further, we draw on gender crime research to suggest that the indirect effect of self-control on offending will be greater for boys than girls. Methods: We use three waves of data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods to test these hypotheses for violent offending, property offending, and substance use, using multi-group multilevel generalized structural equation models that address issues of time ordering, spuriousness, and the measurement of criminality. Results: The hypothesized mediation process is supported by our results. We also find that the indirect effect of low self-control on violence and property crime is greater for boys, primarily driven by a stronger effect of delinquent peers for boys. In contrast, and in support of expectations, the results for substance use reveal little gender difference. Conclusions: We conclude that rather than treating self-control and peer delinquency as competing explanations, we should view them as working together to affect crime and delinquency. Moreover, researchers must give careful attention to gender differences in the pathways to offending.

目标：我们通过考虑较低的自我控制能力和同伴犯罪能力在调解过程中如何协同工作来扩展先前的研究，由此，较低的自我控制能力会增加与犯罪同伴的联系，从而增加犯罪行为。此外，我们利用性别犯罪研究表明，自我控制对犯罪的间接影响对男孩而言将大于女孩。方法：我们使用来自芝加哥社区人类发展项目的三波数据，使用针对时间排序，虚假，和犯罪的量度。结果：假设的调解过程得到我们的结果的支持。我们还发现，自我控制程度低对暴力和财产犯罪的间接影响对男孩更大，这主要是由犯罪同龄人对男孩的较强影响所致。相反，为了支持期望，物质使用的结果显示出很少的性别差异。结论：我们得出的结论是，与其将自我控制和同伴过失作为相互竞争的解释，不如将它们视为共同影响犯罪和过失的解释。此外，研究人员必须仔细注意犯罪途径中的性别差异。