The Amazon River drains a diverse tropical landscape greater than 6 million km², culminating in the world's largest export of freshwater and dissolved constituents to the ocean. Here, we present dissolved organic carbon (DOC), organic and inorganic nitrogen (DON, DIN), orthophosphate (PO₄³⁻), and major and trace ion concentrations and fluxes from the Amazon River using 26 samples collected over three annual hydrographs. Concentrations and fluxes were predominantly controlled by the annual wet season flood pulse. Average DOC, DON, DIN, and PO₄³⁻ fluxes (±1 s.d.) were 25.5 (±1.0), 1.14 (±0.05), 0.82 (±0.03), and 0.063 (±0.003) Tg yr⁻¹, respectively. Chromophoric dissolved organic matter absorption (at 350 nm) was strongly correlated with DOC concentrations, resulting in a flux of 74.8 × 10⁶ m⁻² yr⁻¹. DOC and DON concentrations positively correlated with discharge while nitrate + nitrite concentrations negatively correlated, suggesting mobilization and dilution responses, respectively. Ammonium, PO₄³⁻, and silica concentrations displayed chemostatic responses to discharge. Major and trace ion concentrations displayed clockwise hysteresis (except for chloride, sodium, and rubidium) and exhibited either dilution or chemostatic responses. The sources of weathered cations also displayed seasonality, with the highest proportion of carbonate‐ and silicate‐derived cations occurring during peak and baseflow, respectively. Finally, our seasonally resolved weathering model resulted in an average CO₂ consumption yield of (3.55 ± 0.11) × 10⁵ mol CO₂ km⁻² yr⁻¹. These results represent an updated and temporally refined quantification of dissolved fluxes that highlight the strong seasonality of export from the world's largest river and set a robust baseline against which to gauge future change.

中文翻译：

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亚马逊的脉搏：来自世界最大河的溶解有机碳，营养物和离子的流量

亚马逊河水渠多样化的热带景观大于6000000公里²，在世界上最大的淡水溶解成分出口和海洋高潮。在这里，我们使用三个年度水文图收集的26个样本，介绍了来自亚马逊河的溶解有机碳（DOC），有机和无机氮（DON，DIN），正磷酸盐（PO ₄ ^3-）以及主要和痕量离子浓度和通量。浓度和流量主要受年度湿季洪水脉冲的控制。平均DOC，DON，DIN和PO ₄ ^3-通量（±1 sd）为25.5（±1.0），1.14（±0.05），0.82（±0.03）和0.063（±0.003）Tg yr ^-1， 分别。发色团溶解的有机物吸收（在350 nm处）与DOC浓度密切相关，导致通量为74.8×10 ⁶  m ^-2  yr ^-1。DOC和DON的浓度与放电呈正相关，而硝酸盐+亚硝酸盐的浓度则呈负相关，分别表明动员和稀释反应。铵，PO ₄ ³⁻，而二氧化硅的浓度则显示出对放电的趋化作用。主离子和痕量离子浓度显示顺时针方向的磁滞（氯离子，钠离子和and离子除外），并且显示出稀释或趋化性响应。风化阳离子的来源也表现出季节性，在高峰期和基流期分别出现最大比例的碳酸盐和硅酸盐来源的阳离子。最后，我们的季节性解析风化模型得出的平均CO ₂消耗量为（3.55±0.11）×10 ⁵  mol CO ₂ km ^-2  yr ^-1。这些结果代表了对溶解通量的更新和时间精化量化，突显了世界最大河流出口的强劲季节性，并为评估未来变化奠定了坚实的基准。