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Perspective taking and systematic biases in object location memory
Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-15 , DOI: 10.3758/s13414-021-02243-y
Vladislava Segen , Giorgio Colombo , Marios Avraamides , Timothy Slattery , Jan M. Wiener

The aim of the current study was to develop a novel task that allows for the quick assessment of spatial memory precision with minimal technical and training requirements. In this task, participants memorized the position of an object in a virtual room and then judged from a different perspective, whether the object has moved to the left or to the right. Results revealed that participants exhibited a systematic bias in their responses that we termed the reversed congruency effect. Specifically, they performed worse when the camera and the object moved in the same direction than when they moved in opposite directions. Notably, participants responded correctly in almost 100% of the incongruent trials, regardless of the distance by which the object was displaced. In Experiment 2, we showed that this effect cannot be explained by the movement of the object on the screen, but that it relates to the perspective shift and the movement of the object in the virtual world. We also showed that the presence of additional objects in the environment reduces the reversed congruency effect such that it no longer predicts performance. In Experiment 3, we showed that the reversed congruency effect is greater in older adults, suggesting that the quality of spatial memory and perspective-taking abilities are critical. Overall, our results suggest that this effect is driven by difficulties in the precise encoding of object locations in the environment and in understanding how perspective shifts affect the projected positions of the objects in the two-dimensional image.



中文翻译:

对象位置记忆中的视角获取和系统性偏见

当前研究的目的是开发一种新颖的任务,该任务允许以最少的技术和培训要求快速评估空间记忆的精度。在此任务中,参与者记住了对象在虚拟房间中的位置,然后从另一个角度判断对象是向左移动还是向右移动。结果显示,参与者的反应表现出系统性偏见,我们称其为反向一致效应。具体地,当照相机和物体沿相同方向移动时,它们的性能比沿相反方向移动时的性能差。值得注意的是,无论物体被移动多远,参与者在几乎100%不一致的试验中都能正确回答。在实验2中,我们证明了这种效果无法用屏幕上物体的移动来解释,而是与透视位移和虚拟世界中物体的移动有关。我们还表明,环境中其他对象的存在会减少反向的一致性影响,从而使其不再预测性能。在实验3中,我们表明,老年人的逆向一致效应更大,这表明空间记忆的质量和拍摄观点的能力至关重要。总体而言,我们的结果表明,这种影响是由环境中对象位置的精确编码以及理解透视移动如何影响二维图像中对象的投影位置的困难所驱动。但这与虚拟世界中对象的透视移动和移动有关。我们还表明,环境中其他对象的存在会减少反向的一致性影响,从而使其不再预测性能。在实验3中,我们表明,老年人的逆向一致效应更大,这表明空间记忆的质量和拍摄观点的能力至关重要。总体而言,我们的结果表明,这种影响是由环境中对象位置的精确编码以及理解透视移动如何影响二维图像中对象的投影位置的困难所驱动。但这与虚拟世界中对象的透视移动和移动有关。我们还表明,环境中其他对象的存在会减少反向的一致性影响,从而使其不再预测性能。在实验3中,我们表明,老年人的逆向一致效应更大,这表明空间记忆的质量和拍摄观点的能力至关重要。总体而言,我们的结果表明,这种影响是由环境中对象位置的精确编码以及理解透视移动如何影响二维图像中对象的投影位置的困难所驱动的。我们还表明,环境中其他对象的存在会减少反向的一致性影响,从而使其不再预测性能。在实验3中,我们表明,老年人的逆向一致效应更大,这表明空间记忆的质量和拍摄观点的能力至关重要。总体而言,我们的结果表明,这种影响是由环境中对象位置的精确编码以及理解透视移动如何影响二维图像中对象的投影位置的困难所驱动。我们还表明,环境中其他对象的存在会减少反向的一致性影响,从而使其不再预测性能。在实验3中,我们表明,老年人的逆向一致效应更大,这表明空间记忆的质量和拍摄观点的能力至关重要。总体而言,我们的结果表明,这种影响是由环境中对象位置的精确编码以及理解透视移动如何影响二维图像中对象的投影位置的困难所驱动。

更新日期:2021-03-16
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