Retreat or advance of an ice sheet perturbs the Earth's solid surface, rotational vector, and the gravitational field, which in turn feeds back onto the evolution of the ice sheet over a range of timescales. Throughout the last glacial cycle, ice sheets over the Northern Hemisphere have gone through multiple growth and retreat phases, but the dynamics during these phases are not well understood. In this study, we apply a coupled ice sheet‐glacial isostatic adjustment model to simulate the Northern Hemisphere Ice Sheets over the last glacial cycle. We focus on understanding the influence of solid Earth deformation and gravitational field perturbations associated with surface (ice and water) loading changes on the dynamics of terrestrial and marine‐based ice sheets during different phases of the glacial cycle. Our results show that solid Earth deformation enhances glaciation during growth phases and melting during retreat phases in terrestrial regions through ice‐elevation feedback, and gravitational field perturbations have a stabilizing influence on marine‐based ice sheets in regions such as Hudson Bay in North America and Barents and Kara Seas in Eurasia during retreat phases through sea‐level feedback. Our results also indicate that solid Earth deformation influences the relative sensitivity of the North American and Eurasian ice sheets to climate and thus the timing and magnitude of their fluctuations throughout the last glacial cycle.

中文翻译：

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通过最后一次冰川周期模拟北半球冰盖动力学，海平面变化和固体地球变形

冰原的后退或前进会扰动地球的固体表面，旋转矢量和引力场，而重力场又会在一定的时间范围内将其反馈到冰原的演化过程中。在整个上一个冰川周期中，北半球的冰盖经历了多个生长和退缩阶段，但是人们对这些阶段的动态还知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们应用了一个冰盖-冰川等静压耦合调整模型来模拟最后一个冰川周期的北半球冰盖。我们专注于了解冰川周期不同阶段中固体地球变形和与表面（冰和水）负荷变化相关的引力场扰动对陆地和海洋冰盖动力学的影响。我们的结果表明，固体地球变形通过冰高反馈提高了陆地区域在生长期的冰川作用，在退缩阶段的融化作用，重力场扰动对北美哈德逊湾等地区的海洋冰盖具有稳定的影响。通过海平面反馈，在撤退阶段，欧亚大陆的Barents和Kara Sea。我们的研究结果还表明，固体地球变形会影响北美和欧亚冰盖对气候的相对敏感性，从而影响整个冰川周期的波动时间和大小。重力场扰动在撤退阶段通过海平面反馈对北美的哈德逊湾，欧亚大陆的巴伦支和卡拉海等地区的海洋冰盖具有稳定的影响。我们的研究结果还表明，固体地球变形会影响北美和欧亚冰盖对气候的相对敏感性，从而影响整个冰川周期的波动时间和大小。重力场扰动在撤退阶段通过海平面反馈对北美的哈德逊湾，欧亚大陆的巴伦支和卡拉海等地区的海洋冰盖具有稳定的影响。我们的研究结果还表明，固体地球变形会影响北美和欧亚冰盖对气候的相对敏感性，从而影响整个冰川周期的波动时间和大小。