Background

Traditionally, a first step toward independence for a North American youth has been to obtain a driver’s licence. Licensure can be associated with freedom and independence to provide teens opportunities to participate in conventional and health-enhancing behaviours, such as school, work, sporting events and other social activities, and/or provide opportunities to engage in unconventional, risk taking and health compromising behaviours. Yet, recent trends show that youth are delaying getting their licence.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to use the constructs of conventional and unconventional behaviours identified in Problem Behaviour Theory (PBT) under the behaviour system to examine whether driver licensure status in youth was associated with conventional, health-enhancing behaviours or unconventional, health compromising, risky behaviours.

Method

Data were derived from the 2015 and 2017 cycles of the Ontario Student Drug Use Survey (OSDUHS). Analyses are based on a subsample of students who were at least 16 years of age. Included measures: driver’s licence (at least a G1 – the first stage of a 3-stage graduated licensing system), conventional behaviours (academic performance, school connectedness, employment, physical activity, and sleep), unconventional behaviours (tobacco use, cannabis use, alcohol use, binge drinking, hazardous drinking, problematic drug use, screen time, and number of antisocial behaviours), and control factors (age, sex, region, family Socio-Economic Status (SES)).

Results

67.97 % of youth 16–19 years of age obtained a driver’s licence. Of the sample, 71.80 % of males, 75.05 % not living in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), and 70.86 % of youth with an average family SES received their driver’s licence. In regression analyses, older youth, males, and youth not living in the GTA had significantly higher odds of obtaining a driver’s licence than younger youth, females, and youth living in the GTA. Conventional behaviours that were significantly positively associated with licensure status included youth who had high academic achievement, good social connectedness, and who were employed. Unconventional behaviours that were significantly positively associated with licensure status included alcohol use and binge drinking.

Discussion

In agreement with Problem Behaviour Theory, the results show that youth who obtain their licence show limited problematic lifestyle or ‘proneness’ (Gohari, 2019). Alcohol use and binge drinking were significantly associated with youth obtaining a driver’s licence but hazardous drinking was not. This study suggests that a driver’s licence for youth could both control but also instigate unconventional behaviours as identified by PBT. A driver’s licence could also provide opportunities for conventional behaviours associated with education and school connectedness. However, the independence provided by a driver’s licence could offer youth unsupervised social opportunities to drink and binge drink that may be health-compromising. Thus, based on PBT, licensure status is associated with both conventional behaviours, as well as problem behaviours associated with alcohol use.

中文翻译：

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年轻驾驶员与非驾驶员：行为上有区别吗？

背景

传统上，北美青年走向独立的第一步就是获得驾驶执照。许可可以与自由和独立相关联，从而为青少年提供参与常规和增强健康的行为的机会，例如学校，工作，体育赛事和其他社交活动，和/或提供参与非常规，冒险和危害健康的机会行为。但是，最近的趋势表明，年轻人正在延迟获得许可证。

客观的

这项研究的目的是使用行为系统下的问题行为理论（PBT）中确定的常规和非常规行为的构造，以检查青年人的驾驶执照状态是否与常规的，增强健康的行为或与非常规的，危害健康的行为有关，冒险行为。

方法

数据来自安大略省学生用药调查（OSDUHS）的2015年和2017年周期。分析基于至少16岁的学生的子样本。包括的措施：驾驶执照（至少是G1 – 3阶段分级驾驶执照制度的第一阶段），常规行为（学术表现，学校联系，就业，体力活动和睡眠），非常规行为（抽烟，大麻使用） ，饮酒，暴饮暴食，有害饮酒，有问题的药物使用，筛查时间和反社会行为的数量）以及控制因素（年龄，性别，地区，家庭社会经济地位（SES））。

结果

16-19岁的年轻人中有67.97％的人获得了驾驶执照。在样本中，有71.80％的男性，75.05％的未居住在大多伦多地区（GTA）的人以及70.86％的平均家庭SES的年轻人获得了驾驶执照。在回归分析中，未居住在GTA中的年长青年，男性和青年比居住在GTA中的青年，女性和青年有更高的获得驾驶执照的几率。与执照状态显着正相关的常规行为包括具有较高学业成绩，良好的社交联系和受雇的年轻人。与执照状态显着正相关的非常规行为包括饮酒和暴饮暴食。

讨论

与问题行为理论相一致，结果表明，获得许可证的年轻人表现出有限的有问题的生活方式或``倾向''（Gohari，2019）。饮酒和暴饮暴饮与年轻人获得驾驶执照有很大关系，但危险饮酒却没有。这项研究表明，青年驾照不仅可以控制，而且可以激发PBT所确定的非常规行为。驾驶执照还可以为与教育和学校联系相关的常规行为提供机会。但是，驾驶执照提供的独立性可能会为青少年提供不受监督的社交机会，使他们饮酒和暴饮暴饮，这可能会损害健康。因此，基于PBT，许可状态与两种常规行为相关联，