Background Calumenin (CALU) has been reported to be associated with invasiveness and metastasis in some malignancies. However, in glioma, the role of CALU remains unclear. Methods Clinical and transcriptome data of 998 glioma patients, including 301 from CGGA and 697 from TCGA dataset, were included. R language was used to perform statistical analyses. Results CALU expression was significantly upregulated in more malignant gliomas, including higher grade, IDH wildtype, mesenchymal, and classical subtype. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that CALU-correlated genes were mainly enriched in cell/biological adhesion, response to wounding, and extracellular matrix/structure organization, all of which were strongly correlated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype. GSEA further validated the profound involvement of CALU in EMT. Subsequent GSVA suggested that CALU was particularly correlated with three EMT signaling pathways, including TGFβ, PI3K/AKT, and hypoxia pathway. Furthermore, CALU played synergistically with EMT key markers, including N -cadherin, vimentin, snail, slug, and TWIST1. Survival and Cox regression analysis showed that higher CALU predicted worse survival, and the prognostic value was independent of WHO grade and age. Conclusions CALU was correlated with more malignant phenotypes in glioma. Moreover, CALU seemed to serve as a pro-EMT molecular target and could contribute to predict prognosis independently in glioma.

中文翻译：

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Calumenin 有助于上皮间质转化并预测胶质瘤的不良生存率

背景 据报道，Calumenin (CALU) 与某些恶性肿瘤的侵袭性和转移有关。然而，在胶质瘤中，CALU 的作用仍不清楚。方法 纳入 998 例胶质瘤患者的临床和转录组数据，其中 301 例来自 CGGA，697 例来自 TCGA 数据集。R语言用于进行统计分析。结果 CALU 表达在更多恶性胶质瘤中显着上调，包括更高级别、IDH 野生型、间充质和经典亚型。基因本体分析显示，CALU相关基因主要富集于细胞/生物粘附、对创伤的反应和细胞外基质/结构组织，所有这些都与上皮-间质转化（EMT）表型密切相关。GSEA 进一步验证了 CALU 在 EMT 中的深入参与。随后的 GSVA 表明 CALU 与三种 EMT 信号通路特别相关，包括 TGFβ、PI3K/AKT 和缺氧通路。此外，CALU 与 EMT 关键标志物协同发挥作用，包括 N-钙粘蛋白、波形蛋白、蜗牛、蛞蝓和 TWIST1。生存和 Cox 回归分析表明，较高的 CALU 预测较差的生存，预后价值与 WHO 分级和年龄无关。结论 CALU与胶质瘤中更多的恶性表型相关。此外，CALU 似乎可以作为一个 pro-EMT 分子靶点，并有助于独立预测神经胶质瘤的预后。蛞蝓和 TWIST1。生存和 Cox 回归分析表明，较高的 CALU 预测较差的生存，预后价值与 WHO 分级和年龄无关。结论 CALU与胶质瘤中更多的恶性表型相关。此外，CALU 似乎可以作为一个 pro-EMT 分子靶点，并有助于独立预测神经胶质瘤的预后。蛞蝓和 TWIST1。生存和 Cox 回归分析表明，较高的 CALU 预测较差的生存，预后价值与 WHO 分级和年龄无关。结论 CALU与胶质瘤中更多的恶性表型相关。此外，CALU 似乎可以作为一个 pro-EMT 分子靶点，并有助于独立预测神经胶质瘤的预后。