This study investigated dietary supplementation as a prophylactic for neuroinflammation following traumatic brain injury (TBI) in a preclinical model. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats received 30 days of supplementation with either water or two dietary supplements. The first consisted of high-dose omega-3 fatty acid (O3FA) (supplement A) along with vitamin D3 and vitamin E. The second had the same ingredients at different doses with an addition of cannabidiol (supplement B). Rats were subjected to an impact TBI and then euthanized 7 days post-injury and neuroinflammation quantified by histological detection of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a marker of astrocyte activation, and CD68, a marker of microglial activity. There was a trend toward increased GFAP staining in injured, unsupplemented animals as compared to sham, unsupplemented animals, consistent with increased activation of astrocytes in response to trauma which was reversed by supplement A but not by supplement B. The pattern of CD68 staining across groups was similar to that of GFAP staining. There was a trend toward an increase in the injured unsupplemented group, relative to sham which was reversed by supplement A but not by supplement B. CD68 staining in injured animals was concentrated in the perivascular domain. The consistency between trends across different measures of neuroinflammation showing benefits of high-dose O3FA supplementation following TBI suggests that the observed effects are real. These findings are preliminary, but they justify further study to determine the functional benefits associated with improvements in histological outcomes and understand associated dose-response curves.

中文翻译：

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饮食中高剂量或低剂量的omega-3脂肪酸对脑外伤后炎症病理的影响

这项研究在临床前模型中研究了膳食补充剂对脑外伤（TBI）后神经炎症的预防作用。成年雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠接受了30天的水或两种膳食补充剂的补充。第一种由高剂量的omega-3脂肪酸（O3FA）（补充剂A）以及维生素D3和维生素E组成。第二种具有不同剂量的相同成分，并添加了大麻二酚（补充剂B）。使大鼠经受冲击性TBI，然后在受伤后7天实施安乐死，并通过组织学检测星形胶质细胞活化的标志物胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）和小胶质细胞活性的标志物CD68对神经炎症进行量化。与假手术相比，受伤的，没有补给的动物的GFAP染色有增加的趋势，未补充动物，这与星形胶质细胞响应创伤的增加激活相一致，补充剂A逆转了星形胶质细胞的激活作用，补充剂B却没有逆转。各组CD68染色的模式与GFAP染色的模式相似。相对于假手术，受伤的未补足组有增加的趋势，假手术可以通过补充剂A来逆转，而不能通过补充剂B来逆转。受伤动物的CD68染色集中在血管周围区域。TBI后高剂量O3FA补充的益处在不同的神经炎症测量方法之间的趋势之间的一致性表明，观察到的效果是真实的。这些发现是初步的，但它们为进一步研究确定与改善组织学结果相关的功能益处和了解相关的剂量反应曲线提供了依据。这与星形胶质细胞对创伤的反应增加有关，被补给品A逆转，但补给品B不逆转。各组CD68染色的模式与GFAP染色的模式相似。相对于假手术，受伤的未补足组有增加的趋势，假手术可以通过补充剂A来逆转，而不能通过补充剂B来逆转。受伤动物的CD68染色集中在血管周围区域。TBI后高剂量O3FA补充的益处在不同的神经炎症测量方法之间的趋势之间的一致性表明，观察到的效果是真实的。这些发现是初步的，但它们为进一步研究确定与改善组织学结果相关的功能益处和了解相关的剂量反应曲线提供了依据。这与星形胶质细胞对创伤的反应增加有关，被补给品A逆转，但补给品B不逆转。各组CD68染色的模式与GFAP染色的模式相似。相对于假手术，受伤的未补充组有增加的趋势，而假手术可以通过补充剂A来逆转，而不能通过补充剂B来逆转。受伤动物中的CD68染色集中在血管周围区域。TBI后高剂量O3FA补充的益处在不同的神经炎症测量方法之间的趋势之间的一致性表明，观察到的效果是真实的。这些发现是初步的，但它们为进一步研究确定与改善组织学结果相关的功能益处和了解相关的剂量反应曲线提供了依据。