The ever-increasing environmental pollution from greenhouse gases motivates the search for methods to reduce it. One such method is the use of biodiesel fuels in the transport sector. Conventional biodiesel production generates up to 10% of a by-product, raw glycerol, whose amount continues to increase as biodiesel production volumes expand, but its demand remains limited. Recently, options have been analysed to replace the triglyceride transesterification process generally used in biodiesel production with an interesterification process that does not generate raw glycerol, instead yielding triacylglycerol that can be directly used as fuel for diesel engines by mixing with fatty acid esters. Additionally, triacylglycerol improves the low-temperature properties of fuel. The present article discusses triglyceride interesterification processes using various carboxylate esters of low molecular weight. Information is provided on raw materials that can be subjected to interesterification for biodiesel synthesis. The possible applications of chemical and enzymatic catalysis for triglyceride interesterification are discussed, and the influence of the catalyst amount, molar ratio of reactants, temperature and process duration on the effectiveness of interesterification is examined. The conditions and effectiveness of noncatalytic interesterification are also discussed in the article. Qualitative indicators of the products obtained and their conformity to the requirements of the European standard for biodiesel fuel are discussed.

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通过甘油三酸酯与低分子量羧酸酯的酯交换来合成生物柴油燃料

温室气体对环境的污染日益加剧，促使人们寻求减少温室气体排放的方法。一种这样的方法是在运输部门中使用生物柴油燃料。常规的生物柴油生产最多可产生10％的副产物粗甘油，随着生物柴油产量的增加，其量继续增加，但其需求仍然有限。近来，已经分析了用不产生粗甘油的酯交换工艺代替生物柴油生产中通常使用的甘油三酸酯酯交换工艺的选择，该酯交换工艺产生了可以通过与脂肪酸酯混合而直接用作柴油发动机燃料的三酰基甘油。另外，三酰基甘油改善了燃料的低温性能。本文讨论了使用各种低分子量羧酸酯进行甘油三酸酯酯交换的方法。提供了可以进行酯交换以进行生物柴油合成的原材料的信息。讨论了化学和酶催化在甘油三酸酯酯交换中的可能应用，并考察了催化剂用量，反应物的摩尔比，温度和工艺持续时间对酯交换效率的影响。本文还讨论了非催化酯交换的条件和有效性。讨论了所得产品的定性指标及其是否符合欧洲生物柴油燃料标准的要求。提供了可以进行酯交换以进行生物柴油合成的原材料的信息。讨论了化学和酶催化在甘油三酸酯酯交换中的可能应用，并考察了催化剂用量，反应物的摩尔比，温度和工艺持续时间对酯交换效率的影响。本文还讨论了非催化酯交换的条件和有效性。讨论了所得产品的定性指标及其是否符合欧洲生物柴油燃料标准的要求。提供了可以进行酯交换以进行生物柴油合成的原材料的信息。讨论了化学和酶催化在甘油三酸酯酯交换中的可能应用，并考察了催化剂用量，反应物的摩尔比，温度和工艺持续时间对酯交换效率的影响。本文还讨论了非催化酯交换的条件和有效性。讨论了所得产品的定性指标及其是否符合欧洲生物柴油燃料标准的要求。检查了反应物的摩尔比，温度和工艺持续时间对酯交换效果的影响。本文还讨论了非催化酯交换的条件和有效性。讨论了所得产品的定性指标及其是否符合欧洲生物柴油燃料标准的要求。检查了反应物的摩尔比，温度和工艺持续时间对酯交换效果的影响。本文还讨论了非催化酯交换的条件和有效性。讨论了所得产品的定性指标及其是否符合欧洲生物柴油燃料标准的要求。