Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized utilizing prepared walnut leaf extract by various amounts of its leaves (5–25 g) via a heater and stirrer adjusted at 60°C and reaction time ranging from 30 to 90 min. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography indicated the six main functional groups and 29 bioactive compounds in the provided walnut leaf extract. Antioxidant and antibacterial inhibitory activities of the fabricated ZnO NPs, in powder form, were modeled as a function of two synthesized parameters using response surface methodology, and the fabrication process was optimized. The results indicated that the ZnO NPs synthesized using walnut leaf extract, with 15.51 g of its dried powder and reaction time of 60 min, had maximum antioxidant activity and antibacterial effects against Escherichia coli . X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy image indicated that the synthesized ZnO NPs using optimal processing conditions had crystals in triangular nanoprisms to nearly spherical shape with the particle size ranging from 15 to 40 nm. Finally, prepared biodegradable film composed of thermoplastic starch (5% w/w), polyethylene (93% w/w), and ZnO NPs (2% w/w) indicated high bactericidal inhibitory activity against both Gram-positive ( Staphylococcus aureus ) and Gram-negative ( E. coli ) bacterial strains.

中文翻译：

---

用核桃叶提取物制备绿色ZnO纳米颗粒，以开发基于聚乙烯-淀粉-ZnO NPs的抗菌膜

氧化锌纳米颗粒（ZnO NPs）是利用制备的核桃叶提取物通过调节加热到60°C的加热器和搅拌器，通过30至90分钟的反应时间，将其不同数量的叶子（5–25 g）合成的。傅里叶变换红外光谱和气相色谱表明，所提供的核桃叶提取物中有六个主要官能团和29种生物活性化合物。使用响应表面方法，以两个合成参数的函数对粉末形式制备的ZnO NP的抗氧化和抑菌活性进行了建模，并优化了制备工艺。结果表明，以胡桃叶提取物合成的ZnO纳米颗粒干粉为15.51 g，反应时间为60 min，对大肠杆菌具有最大的抗氧化和抗菌作用。X射线衍射分析和扫描电子显微镜图像表明，在最佳加工条件下合成的ZnO NPs的晶体为三角形纳米棱晶，接近球形，粒径为15至40 nm。最后，由热塑性淀粉（5％w / w），聚乙烯（93％w / w）和ZnO NPs（2％w / w）组成的可生物降解膜显示出对两种革兰氏阳性菌（金黄色葡萄球菌）均具有很高的抑菌活性。和革兰氏阴性（E. coli）细菌菌株。