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Heads and layers in agglutination: A case in deadjectival psych verbs with -garu in Japanese
Open Linguistics ( IF 0.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 , DOI: 10.1515/opli-2021-0003
Takashi Nakajima 1
Affiliation  

Using deadjectival psych verbs with -garu in Japanese, this study shows that agglutinative complex predicate formation is done by recursive application of Merge to roots and functional heads. This process creates a layered syntactic structure, with each layer providing the computational system with (i) specific semantic features, (ii) arguments, and (iii) phonetic form (PF) exponents at conceptual–intentional (CI)/sensory motor (SM) Interfaces. The whole amalgam of the root and the functional heads is interpreted as a “word” at PF. Following the general architecture of Distributed Morphology, I will show that the morpheme that derives deadjectival verbs -garu is underlyingly -k-ar-u ( k -Copula-T), where k is “little” v that originates in the verbal root k-o “come” and ar- is a copula. They are now grammaticalized functional heads that extend adjectival roots. Crucially, this k is homophonous with “little” a, which makes -garu and the adjective-deriving morpheme -karu ( k -Copula-T) parallel. k is voiced in -garu due to a structurally conditioned assimilation rule (Embick 2013). This analysis reveals the mechanisms of agglutinative predicate formation in a precise and detailed manner. Similarly, it gives natural solutions to some of the long-standing problems including how adjectives modify N such as utukusii dansaa “beautiful dancer,” which is ambiguous between attributive modification and a relative clause.

中文翻译:

凝结中的头和层:日语中带有-garu的Deadjectival心理学动词中的一个案例

这项研究在日语中使用带有-garu的Deadjectival心理学动词,表明通过将Merge递归应用到根和功能性头部,完成了复杂复合谓词的形成。此过程创建了分层的语法结构,每一层为计算系统提供了(i)具体的语义特征,(ii)参数和(iii)概念-意图(CI)/感觉运动(SM)的语音形式(PF)指数)接口。根部和功能性头部的整个汞合金在PF中被解释为“单词”。遵循分布式形态的一般体系结构,我将证明派生死语动词-garu的语素在本质上是-k-ar-u(k -Copula-T),其中k是“小” v,起源于言语词根ko “来”,并且ar-是系。现在它们是语法化的功能头,扩展了形容词的词根。至关重要的是,该k与“小” a是谐音的,这使-garu和形容词派生词素-karu(k -Copula-T)平行。由于结构条件的同化规则,k在-garu中发声(Embick 2013)。该分析以精确而详细的方式揭示了凝集性谓词形成的机制。同样,它为某些长期存在的问题提供了自然的解决方案,包括形容词如何修饰N,例如utukusii dansaa“美丽的舞者”,这在定语修饰语和相对从句之间是模棱两可的。由于结构条件的同化规则,k在-garu中发声(Embick 2013)。该分析以精确而详细的方式揭示了凝集性谓词形成的机制。同样,它为某些长期存在的问题提供了自然的解决方案,包括形容词如何修饰N,例如utukusii dansaa“美丽的舞者”,这在定语修饰语和相对从句之间是模棱两可的。由于结构条件的同化规则,k在-garu中发声(Embick 2013)。该分析以精确而详细的方式揭示了凝集性谓词形成的机制。同样,它为某些长期存在的问题提供了自然的解决方案,包括形容词如何修饰N,例如utukusii dansaa“美丽的舞者”,这在定语修饰语和相对从句之间是模棱两可的。
更新日期:2021-01-01
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