Current approaches to the human language faculty emphasize that during real-time processing anticipatory mechanisms play a vital role for people to parse and comprehend linguistic input at a sufficient pace. Consistent with this view, several Event-Related Potential (ERP) and behavioral self-paced reading (SPR) studies revealed a processing disadvantage for pre-nominal linguistic elements that (grammatically) mismatched with an expected upcoming noun. More recently, however, these findings have been challenged because the results are difficult to replicate. In the current study, I continue this line of replication research with a complementary method: eye tracking. I conducted two experiments aimed at reproducing prior findings of a SPR study of van Berkum, Jos J. A., Colin M. Brown, Pienie Zwitserlood, Valesca Kooijman & Hagoort Peter. 2005. Anticipating upcoming words in discourse: Evidence from ERPs and reading times. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 31(3). 443–467. The participants read two-sentence stories constructed to elicit a strong lexical prediction about an upcoming noun. To assess whether readers were activating the lexical prediction, the noun was preceded by two gender-inflected adjectives carrying an inflectional suffix that either matched or mismatched with the syntactic gender of the predicted noun. Overall, I did not obtain evidence for strong lexical prediction as the eye-tracking metrics revealed no processing disadvantage for mismatching adjectives (i.e., contrary to the findings of van Berkum et al.). In fact, in some cases readers allocated more processing resources to pre-nominal adjectives that morphologically matched with the gender of the predicted noun. These intriguing findings will be discussed in the context of the time course, the processing costs, and the validation processes of lexical predictions.

中文翻译：

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预期阅读的加工特征：对词汇预测的眼动研究

当前人类语言学院的方法强调，在实时处理过程中，预期机制在人​​们以足够的速度解析和理解语言输入方面起着至关重要的作用。与这种观点一致的是，一些事件相关电位（ERP）和行为自定进度阅读（SPR）研究表明，名词前语言元素在语法上与预期的即将出现的名词不匹配，因此在处理上存在不利之处。然而，最近，由于难以复制结果，这些发现受到了挑战。在当前的研究中，我将通过一种补充方法（眼动追踪）继续进行复制研究。我进行了两个实验，旨在重现van Berkum，Jos J. A.，Colin M. Brown，Pienie Zwitserlood，Valesca Kooijman和Hagoort Peter的SPR研究的先前发现。2005年。预测话语中即将出现的单词：来自ERP和阅读时间的证据。实验心理学杂志：学习，记忆和认知31（3）。443–467。参加者阅读了两句故事，这些故事旨在引起人们对即将出现的名词的强烈词汇预测。为了评估读者是否正在激活词汇预测，该名词之前是两个带有性别偏向的形容词，其形容词后缀与所预测名词的句法性别匹配或不匹配。总体而言，我没有获得强有力的词法预测的证据，因为眼动指标显示了不匹配形容词的处理缺点（即，与van Berkum等人的发现相反）。实际上，在某些情况下，读者将更多的处理资源分配给与预期名词的性别在形态上匹配的名词前形容词。这些有趣的发现将在时间过程，处理成本以及词汇预测的验证过程的背景下进行讨论。