Abstract This paper presents evidence for a PIE root *u̯erp‑ ‘to attack, to force oneself onto someone’ and argues that Greek ἅρπαξ (< *u̯ǝrʰpag-) goes back to a verbal governing compound *u̯r̥p-h₂g̑- ‘driving something (e.g. cattle) away by force’.

中文翻译：

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希腊语 ἅρπαξ '强盗；抢劫'

摘要 本文提供了 PIE 词根 *u̯erp‑“攻击，强迫自己到某人身上”的证据，并认为希腊语 ἅρπαξ (< *u̯ǝrʰpag-) 可以追溯到一个口头控制复合词 *u̯r̥p-h₂g̑- '驾驶某物（例如牛）被强行带走'。