Abstract Middle Breton (MB) presents a singular anomaly of pronominal argument coding. Objects are accusative proclitics save in two constructions, where coding is split by person: 3rd unique enclitics ~ 1st/2nd accusative proclitics. The constructions are HAVE, from Insular Celtic mihi est, where the new coding replaces inflectional nominatives (cf. Latin mihi est ~ sunt); and imperatives, where it replaces accusative enclitics in V1 (cf. French aide-moi ~ ne m’aide pas). The evolution is traced in light of a crosslinguistic construction type that suggests its nature, noncanonical subject + 3rd nominative ~ 1st/2nd accusative object. Part I: (1) Decomposition of HAVE as dative clitic + BE from Brythonic throughout “conservative” varieties of Breton. (2) Breton-Cornish innovation of nonclitic datives for mihi est and their subjecthood. Part II: (3) Brythonic unavailibility of mesoclisis in V1 and Breton-Cornish nonagreement with nominative objects, resulting in independent > enclitic pronouns for accusative objects of imperatives and nominative objects of mihi est. (4) MB alignment of imperatives with mihi est in 3rd person, restriction on nominative enclitics, and recruitment of 1st/2nd person accusative proclitics upon loss of mesoclisis. (5) Transition to accusative objects in “innovative” varieties and subject-object case interactions.

中文翻译：

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Mihi est 从 Brythonic 到 Breton I

摘要 中布列塔尼 (MB) 呈现了代词参数编码的奇异异常。对象是宾格 proclitics，但有两种结构，其中编码按人分开：第三个独特的 enclitics ~ 1st/2nd 宾格 proclitics。结构是 HAVE，来自 Insular Celtic mihi est，其中新编码取代了屈折主格（参见拉丁文 mihi est ~ sunt）；和命令式，它在 V1 中取代了宾格词（参见法语 aide-moi ~ ne m'aide pas）。根据表明其性质的跨语言结构类型，非规范​​主语 + 第三主格 ~ 第一/第二宾语，可以追溯演变过程。第 I 部分：（1）从 Brythonic 整个“保守的”布列塔尼变体中将 HAVE 作为和格 clitic + BE 分解。(2) Breton-Cornish 对 mihi est 及其主体性的非附着与格的创新。第二部分：(3) Brythonic 在 V1 中不可用 mesoclisis 和 Breton-Cornish 与主格对象不一致，导致独立的 > enclitic 代词用于命令式的宾格和 mihi est 的主格宾语。(4) MB 对齐第三人称中的命令式与 mihi est，对主格词的限制，并在失去 mesoclisis 时招募第一/第二人称词词。(5) 在“创新”变体和主客体案例交互中向宾语的过渡。并在失去 mesoclisis 时招募第 1/第 2 人指责 proclitics。(5) 在“创新”变体和主客体案例交互中向宾语的过渡。并在失去 mesoclisis 时招募第 1/第 2 人指责 proclitics。(5) 在“创新”变体和主客体案例交互中向宾语的过渡。