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The Pre-Raphaelites
Victorian Poetry Pub Date : 2021-03-11 , DOI: 10.1353/vp.2020.0023
Florence Boos

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:

  • The Pre-Raphaelites
  • Florence Boos (bio)

In addition to their artistic contributions, the writings of Dante Gabriel Rossetti, William Morris, and other Pre-Raphaelites continued to inspire interest during 2019. In what follows I will discuss several articles on literary Pre-Raphaelitism and Rossetti’s poetry, then consider articles and books that interpret Morris’s poetry, translations, and utopian romance News from Nowhere. [End Page 361]

Pre-Raphaelitism

Critical approaches to artistic and literary Pre-Raphaelitism have long emphasized its attention to precise visual detail, but in “‘Art of the Future’: Julia Margaret Cameron’s Poetry, Photography and Pre-Raphaelism” (Victorian Studies 61, no. 2 [Winter 2019]: 204–215), Heather Bozant Witcher suggests an alternate approach. She reproduces Cameron’s poem, “On a Portrait,” which celebrates the fusion of “genius and love” in creating an ideal portrait, and argues that it is the blend of ambiguity and mystery with realism that make her photographs, and by implication, Pre-Raphaelite literary works, so distinctive. Witcher illustrates her point with Cameron’s portrait of Robert Browning, in which the strong features of his face are clearly delineated and the image itself is marked by small dots or stars created in the photographic process. She concludes that “the tension between exactness and uncertainty in these photographs invokes Pre-Raphaelite uncertainty or confessional self-revelation” (p. 214), a description that likewise applies to the poetry of Rossetti and other Pre-Raphaelites.

In “Naturally Artificial: The Pre-Raphaelite Garden Enclosed” (VP 57, no. 1 [Spring 2019]: 131–53), Dinah Roe explores the ramified psychological associations of the Victorian poetic motif of the walled garden. Eighteenth-century planners had preferred “natural gardens” that blended into the wider landscape; by contrast, nineteenth-century gardens were designed to “celebrate interiority, subjectivity, and generative consciousness, privileging the mind over nature” (p. 132). Roe notes that enclosure focuses attention inward, but it also defines what lies within its boundaries against an outer, often hostile, reality. The paradoxical polarities of the garden—natural/artificial, free/constrained, finite/infinite—encourage a “transgressive hybridity” (Isobel Armstrong) especially prominent in Pre-Raphaelite art. Roe finds examples of these encoded tensions in Charles Collins’s painting “Convent Thoughts,” which presents a pensive novice contemplating a flower within the limited space of her garden, and William Morris’s “The Defence of Guenevere” in which Guenevere reen-acts a previous ecstatic moment within a walled garden. Here the walled garden is a site of unconventional sexuality and rhetorical experimentation, as the queen objectifies herself “in order to suggest her own subjectivity,” a risky strategy which is also “a plea for empathy, the ultimate act of imagination that would allow her jury to ‘see’ not only through the body whose destruction they are contemplating but also through her eyes, to perceive things the way she does” (p. 146). Roe concludes that “Pre-Raphaelite portrayals of these naturally artificial spaces both affirm the power of boundaries and create the conditions for their transgression” (p. 148). [End Page 362]

In “George Meredith (and Margaret Oliphant) among the Pre-Raphaelites,” (Yearbook of English Studies 49 [2019]: 82–102), Rebecca N. Mitchell considers the ways in which Meredith consistently manifested Pre-Raphaelite literary and aesthetic ideals. She documents his early admiration for Pre-Raphaelite artists and the extent to which his early poetry shares a devotion to sensuous beauty, delight in nature, and indebtedness to Keats, Tennyson, and other poets included in the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood “list of Immortals.” Meredith’s attitudes contrast with those of his contemporaries Margaret Oliphant and George Eliot, who, although both well-informed on contemporary Pre-Raphaelite art and ideals, took care to distance themselves from the movement. Oliphant resented Ruskin’s claims to authority, and in later years criticized Pre-Raphaelite artists for having failed to fulfill an original promise; Eliot disliked Meredith’s Westminster Review articles on “Belles Lettres” and disagreed with his favorable notice of such paintings as Holman Hunt’s “The Hireling Shepherd,” which she found lacking in “the raw material of moral sentiment” (p. 99). By contrast, Mitchell suggests that Meredith’s grasp of the interrelationship between naturalistic and imagistic representation central to Pre-Raphaelite art enabled him to render visual aesthetic...



中文翻译:

拉斐尔前派

代替摘要,这里是内容的简要摘录:

  • 拉斐尔前派
  • 佛罗伦萨布斯(生物)

除了他们的艺术贡献外,但丁·加布里埃尔·罗塞蒂(Dante Gabriel Rossetti),威廉·莫里斯(William Morris)和其他拉斐尔前派人士在2019年期间继续引起人们的兴趣。在此之后,我将讨论多篇有关拉斐尔前派文学和罗塞蒂的诗作的文章,然后考虑文章和解释莫里斯诗歌,翻译和乌托邦浪漫史的书籍《无处传来的新闻》[结束页361]

前Raphaelitism

艺术和文学上的拉斐尔前主义批评方法长期以来一直强调将注意力集中在精确的视觉细节上,但是在“'未来的艺术':朱莉娅·玛格丽特·卡梅伦的诗歌,摄影和拉斐尔前主义”中(维多利亚时代的研究61号 2 [2019年冬季]:204–215),希瑟·博赞特·维奇(Heather Bozant Witcher)提出了另一种方法。她复制了卡梅隆的诗《论肖像》,赞扬“天才与爱”在创造理想肖像时的融合,并认为正是模糊和神秘与现实主义的结合才使她的照片成为现实,并暗示了普莱尔-拉斐尔派的文学作品,如此与众不同。巫师用卡梅伦(Cameron)的罗伯特·布朗宁(Robert Browning)的肖像来说明她的观点,其中清晰地描绘了他脸部的强烈特征,并且图像本身在照相过程中形成了小点或星星。她得出的结论是:“这些照片的准确性和不确定性之间的张力引起了拉斐尔前派的不确定性或悔的自我启示”(第214页),

在“自然人工:拉菲尔岩前花园封闭”中(副总裁57号 1 [2019年春季]:131–53),黛娜·罗(Dinah Roe)探索了围墙花园维多利亚诗意主题的分枝心理关联。18世纪的规划者更喜欢将“自然花园”融入更广阔的景观中。相比之下,十九世纪的花园被设计为“庆祝内在性,主观性和生成意识,使思想对自然的特权”(第132页)。罗恩(Roe)指出,围墙将注意力集中在内部,但也定义了围墙内与外部现实(通常是敌对的现实)的界限。花园的自相矛盾的极性(自然/人工,自由/受约束,有限/无限)鼓励“侵略性混合”(Isobel Armstrong),这在拉斐尔前派艺术中尤为突出。罗伊(Roe)在查尔斯·柯林斯(Charles Collins)的画作《女修道院思想》(Convent Thoughts,”表示沉思的新手,正在考虑在其花园的有限空间内开花,以及威廉·莫里斯(William Morris)的“ Guenevere防御”,其中Guenevere在围墙花园中重新演绎了以前的狂喜时刻。在这里,围墙花园是一个非常规性行为和修辞实验的场所,因为女王将自己形容为“为了表明自己的主观性”,这是一种冒险的策略,也是“恳求同理心的最终目的,想像力的使她能够陪审团不仅要“看到”他们正在考虑破坏的身体,还要通过她的眼睛“以她的方式感知事物”(第146页)。罗恩得出结论说:“拉斐尔前派对这些自然人工空间的描绘既确认了边界的力量,又为其越界创造了条件”(第148页)。威廉·莫里斯(William Morris)的“瓜内维拉防御”中,瓜内维拉在围墙花园中重现了以前的狂喜时刻。在这里,有围墙的花园是一个非常规性行为和修辞实验的场所,因为女王将自己形容为“为了表明自己的主观性”,这是一种冒险的策略,也是“恳求同理心的最终目的,想象力的使她能够陪审团不仅要“看到”他们正在考虑破坏的身体,还要通过她的眼睛“以她的方式感知事物”(第146页)。Roe得出结论:“拉斐尔前派对这些自然人工空间的描绘既确认了边界的力量,又为其越界创造了条件”(第148页)。威廉·莫里斯(William Morris)的“瓜内维拉防御”中,瓜内维拉在围墙花园中重现了前一个欣喜若狂的时刻。在这里,围墙花园是一个非常规性行为和修辞实验的场所,因为女王将自己形容为“为了表明自己的主观性”,这是一种冒险的策略,也是“恳求同理心的最终目的,想像力的使她能够陪审团不仅要“看到”他们正在考虑破坏的身体,还要通过她的眼睛“以她的方式感知事物”(第146页)。罗恩得出结论说:“拉斐尔前派对这些自然人工空间的描绘既确认了边界的力量,又为其越界创造了条件”(第148页)。在这里,有围墙的花园是一个非常规性行为和修辞实验的场所,因为女王将自己形容为“为了表明自己的主观性”,这是一种冒险的策略,也是“恳求同理心的最终目的,想象力的使她能够陪审团不仅要“看到”他们正在考虑破坏的身体,还要通过她的眼睛“以她的方式感知事物”(第146页)。罗恩得出结论说:“拉斐尔前派对这些自然人工空间的描绘既确认了边界的力量,又为其越界创造了条件”(第148页)。在这里,有围墙的花园是一个非常规性行为和修辞实验的场所,因为女王将自己形容为“为了表明自己的主观性”,这是一种冒险的策略,也是“恳求同理心的最终目的,想象力的使她能够陪审团不仅要“看到”他们正在考虑破坏的身体,还要通过她的眼睛“以她的方式感知事物”(第146页)。罗恩得出结论说:“拉斐尔前派对这些自然人工空间的描绘既确认了边界的力量,又为其越界创造了条件”(第148页)。最终的想象力行为将使她的陪审团不仅可以“看到”他们正在考虑破坏的身体,还可以通过她的眼睛“看”到她做事的方式”(第146页)。罗恩得出结论说:“拉斐尔前派对这些自然人工空间的描绘既确认了边界的力量,又为其越界创造了条件”(第148页)。最终的想象力行为将使她的陪审团不仅可以“看到”他们正在考虑破坏的身体,还可以通过她的眼睛“看”到她做事的方式”(第146页)。罗恩得出结论说:“拉斐尔前派对这些自然人工空间的描绘既确认了边界的力量,又为其越界创造了条件”(第148页)。[完页362]

在“拉斐尔前派成员中的乔治·梅雷迪思(和玛格丽特·奥利潘特)”(英语研究年鉴49 [2019]:82–102),丽贝卡·米切尔(Rebecca N. Mitchell)考虑了梅勒迪斯(Meredith)始终如一地体现拉斐尔前派的文学和美学理想的方式。她记录了他对拉斐尔前派艺术家的早期钦佩,以及他的早期诗歌对感性之美,对自然的愉悦以及对济慈,坦尼森和《拉斐尔前派兄弟会》中不朽名单中其他诗人的欠缺之情的奉献。 。” 梅雷迪思的态度与他同时代的玛格丽特·奥利潘特和乔治·埃利奥特的态度形成鲜明对比,尽管他们对当代拉斐尔前派的艺术和理想都非常了解,但还是小心翼翼地与运动保持距离。奥利潘特(Oliphant)对罗斯金(Ruskin)的权威主张感到不满,并在随后几年批评拉斐尔前派(Raphaelite)前的艺术家未能兑现最初的诺言。艾略特(Eliot)不喜欢梅雷迪思(Meredith)的威斯敏斯特评论文章“ Belles Lettres”,并不同意他对霍尔曼•亨特的“令人振奋的牧羊人”等绘画的好评,她发现这种绘画缺乏“道德情感的原料”(第99页)。相比之下,米切尔认为梅雷迪思对拉斐尔前派艺术核心的自然主义和虚幻主义表现形式之间相互关系的把握使他能够呈现视觉美学...

更新日期:2021-03-16
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