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Directing Shakespeare in America: Historical Perspectives by Charles Ney (review)
Theatre History Studies ( IF 0.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-31 , DOI: 10.1353/ths.2020.0021
Felicia Hardison Londré

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:

Reviewed by:

  • Directing Shakespeare in America: Historical Perspectives by Charles Ney
  • Felicia Hardison Londré
Directing Shakespeare in America: Historical Perspectives. By Charles Ney. London: Arden Shakespeare, 2019. Pp. x + 248. $102.00, cloth.

“We want to make Shakespeare attractive to the masses, and to that end . . . we must concede something to them” (7). Augustin Daly’s comment in an 1882 letter to William Winter expresses a view of directing Shakespeare that has remained central to the work of many: to bend Shakespeare’s texts to external slants. Other directors, in contrast, have advocated allowing Shakespeare’s plays to reveal themselves. Charles Ney traces such broad tendencies as well as fine distinctions among American directors since Daly, whose repertoires have prominently featured Shakespeare. As a well-practiced director and teacher of directing, Ney grasps and conveys the specifics of various techniques. As one who is passionate about Shakespeare, he tellingly evokes the essence of stage moments and interpretations. The result is a book that achieves two purposes, offering practical insights for directors and illuminating selected individual contributions to the history of Shakespeare production on the American stage.

The historical perspectives of this book cover a first wave of directors from the 1870s to the 1940s, successions of directors at four major Shakespeare festivals from the 1930s to the 1990s, and two chapters on other directors from the 1950s to the 1990s. The study builds on Ney’s earlier volume, Directing Shakespeare in America: Current Practices (2016). However, the two volumes are structured quite differently. For his study of current practices, Ney traveled to attend productions, and he interviewed directors, whose transcribed comments are presented in topical chunks alongside other directors’ views on issues such as preparing the text and conducting rehearsals. The present volume’s distillation of historical perspectives necessarily relies more heavily on secondary sources; Ney’s skill at drawing from a range of perspectives keeps the analysis lively and interesting. A few directors (notably Barbara Gaines, Michael Kahn, Mark Lamos, and Tina Packer) appear in both volumes.

The historical coverage begins with a survey of the emerging art of the director [End Page 255] as applied to Shakespeare’s plays by Augustin Daly, culminating in his 1893 Twelfth Night. A 1922 Merchant of Venice serves to represent David Belasco’s opulent approach. In sharp contrast were Arthur Hopkins’s four minimalist or “unobtrusive” (19) Shakespeare productions on Broadway in three seasons, 1920– 1922. Orson Welles brought considerable variety to three Shakespeare productions: the 1936 “voodoo” Macbeth, his 1937 version of Julius Caesar, and the history plays conflated into Five Kings (1939). Margaret Webster’s thoughtful treatment of Shakespeare gets the most extensive coverage of that early group, with particular emphasis on her legendary 1943 Othello.

The four chapters on four leading Shakespeare festivals form the heart of the book. B. Iden Payne is rightly signaled as an influence on several Shakespeare-related initiatives; indeed, Oregon Shakespeare Festival founder Angus Bowmer regarded him as a mentor. During Bowmer’s tenure as artistic director, 1935– 1971, several freelance directors made strong impressions: Robert Loper, Rod Alexander, and Richard Risso. Jerry Turner succeeded Bowmer in 1971, followed by Henry Woronicz in 1991. Significant productions during those years were directed by Laird Williamson, Jim Edmondson, Audrey Stanley, and Pat Patton. Many directorial hands defined the early history of San Diego’s Old Globe; its noteworthy artistic director was Jack O’Brien, from 1981 to 2007. The Old Globe chapter includes a section that details Tyrone Guthrie’s influence on American directing of Shakespeare. The American Shakespeare Theatre weathered its complex trajectory for twenty-seven seasons (until 1982) and launched several careers, including those of Michael Kahn and Gerald Freedman. Ney attributes its demise to several factors, including its embrace of “a Broadway business model instead of a non-profit regional theatre one” (112). Oddly, the chapter never mentions the theatre’s location in Stratford, Connecticut. In addition to Joseph Papp, the chapter on New York Shakespeare Festival/The Pubic Theater examines the work of directors Stuart Vaughan, Freedman again, Gladys Vaughan, A. J. Antoon, Wilford Leach, and JoAnne Akalaitis.

The analyses of the various directorial approaches offer insights on several fronts. We see...



中文翻译:

导演莎士比亚在美国:查尔斯·尼(Charles Ney)的历史观点(评论)

代替摘要,这里是内容的简要摘录:

审核人:

  • 导演莎士比亚在美国:历史观点查尔斯·尼(Charles Ney)
  • 费利西亚·哈迪森·隆德雷(Felicia HardisonLondré)
在美国导演莎士比亚:历史观点。查尔斯·内(Charles Ney)。伦敦:莎士比亚(Arden Shakespeare),2019年。页。x +248。$ 102.00,布。

“我们希望使莎士比亚对大众具有吸引力,并为此而努力。。。我们必须向他们承认一些东西”(7)。奥古斯丁·戴利(Augustin Daly)在1882年致威廉·温特(William Winter)的信中的评论表达了一种观点,即指导莎士比亚仍然是许多作品的核心:将莎士比亚的著作屈从于外部。相比之下,其他导演则主张允许莎士比亚的戏剧来展现自己。自从戴利(Charles Ney)以来,查尔斯·尼(Charles Ney)便发现了这种广泛的倾向以及美国导演之间的出色区别,而戴利的曲目在莎士比亚中尤为突出。作为一个训练有素的导演和指导老师,Ney掌握并传达了各种技巧的细节。作为一个对莎士比亚充满热情的人,他生动地唤起了舞台时刻和演绎的精髓。结果是一本书实现了两个目的,

本书的历史观点涵盖了从1870年代到1940年代的第一批导演,从1930年代到1990年代的四个主要莎士比亚艺术节上的导演继任,以及关于从1950年代到1990年代的其他导演的两章。该研究建立在Ney的早期著作《在美国导演莎士比亚:现行做法》的基础上(2016)。但是,这两个卷的结构完全不同。为了研究当前的作法,Ney前往参加演出,并采访了导演,他们的转录评论与其他导演在准备案文和进行彩排等问题上的观点一起在主题部分进行了介绍。当前的卷对历史观点的提炼必然在很大程度上依赖于第二手资料。Ney从各种角度进行绘图的技巧使分析变得生动有趣。两卷中都有一些导演(特别是芭芭拉·盖恩斯,迈克尔·卡恩,马克·拉莫斯和蒂娜·帕克)。

历史报道始于对导演新兴艺术的调查[结束255页],该艺术应用于奥古斯丁·戴利的莎士比亚戏剧中,并在他的1893年《十二夜》中达到顶峰。1922年的威尼斯商人代表大卫·贝拉斯科(David Belasco)的富丽堂皇的做法。与之形成鲜明对比的是,阿瑟·霍普金斯(1920-1922)在三个季节中的四个极简主义或“不引人注目”(19)莎士比亚作品在1920–1922的三个季节中出现。奥森·威尔斯(Orson Welles)为莎士比亚的三个作品带来了可观的变化:1936年的“伏都教徒”麦克白,他的1937年朱利叶斯·凯撒Julius Caesar)版本,而历史剧则被归类为“五王”(1939)。玛格丽特·韦伯斯特(Margaret Webster)对莎士比亚(Shakespeare)的深思熟虑得到了该早期团体的最广泛报道,尤其着重于她传奇的1943年《奥赛罗》(Othello)

这本书的核心是四个主要莎士比亚节日的四章内容。B.艾登·佩恩(Iden Payne)被正确地暗示对莎士比亚的几项举措产生了影响;确实,俄勒冈莎士比亚戏剧节的创始人安格斯·鲍默(Angus Bowmer)将他视为导师。在1935年至1971年鲍默(Bowmer)担任艺术总监期间,一些自由导演给人留下了深刻的印象:罗伯特·洛伯(Robert Loper),罗德·亚历山大(Rod Alexander)和理查德·里索(Richard Risso)。杰里·特纳(Jerry Turner)于1971年接替鲍默(Bowmer),随后于1991年接替亨利·沃罗尼兹(Henry Woronicz)。这些年的重要作品由莱尔德·威廉姆森(Laird Williamson),吉姆·埃德蒙森(Jim Edmondson),奥黛丽·斯坦利(Audrey Stanley)和帕特·帕顿(Pat Patton)执导。许多导演的手下定义了圣地亚哥的旧地球仪的早期历史。值得一提的艺术总监是杰克·奥布赖恩(Jack O'Brien),从1981年到2007年。“旧地球”一章包括一个部分,详细介绍了泰隆·葛斯里(Tyrone Guthrie)对莎士比亚在美国导演中的影响。美国莎士比亚剧院经历了二十七个季节(到1982年),经历了复杂的发展历程,并开创了包括迈克尔·卡恩(Michael Kahn)和杰拉尔德·弗里德曼(Gerald Freedman)在内的多个职业。Ney将其消亡归因于几个因素,包括其拥护“采用百老汇商业模式,而不是非盈利性的地区剧院模式”(112)。奇怪的是,本章从未提及剧院在康涅狄格州斯特拉特福的位置。除约瑟夫·帕普(Joseph Papp)外,纽约莎士比亚戏剧节/公共剧院的章节还探讨了导演斯图尔特·沃恩(Stuart Vaughan),弗里德曼(Freedman),格拉迪斯·沃恩(Gladys Vaughan),AJ Antoon,威尔福德·里奇(Wilford Leach)和乔安妮·阿卡拉蒂斯(JoAnne Akalaitis)的作品。美国莎士比亚剧院经历了二十七个季节(到1982年),经历了复杂的发展历程,并开创了包括迈克尔·卡恩(Michael Kahn)和杰拉尔德·弗里德曼(Gerald Freedman)在内的多个职业。Ney将其消亡归因于几个因素,包括其拥护“采用百老汇商业模式,而不是非盈利性的地区剧院模式”(112)。奇怪的是,本章从未提及剧院在康涅狄格州斯特拉特福的位置。除约瑟夫·帕普(Joseph Papp)外,纽约莎士比亚戏剧节/公共剧院的章节还探讨了导演斯图尔特·沃恩(Stuart Vaughan),弗里德曼(Freedman),格拉迪斯·沃恩(Gladys Vaughan),AJ Antoon,威尔福德·里奇(Wilford Leach)和乔安妮·阿卡拉蒂斯(JoAnne Akalaitis)的作品。美国莎士比亚剧院经历了二十七个季节(到1982年),经历了复杂的发展历程,并开创了包括迈克尔·卡恩(Michael Kahn)和杰拉尔德·弗里德曼(Gerald Freedman)在内的多个职业。Ney将其消亡归因于几个因素,包括其拥护“采用百老汇商业模式,而不是非盈利性的地区剧院模式”(112)。奇怪的是,本章从未提及剧院在康涅狄格州斯特拉特福的位置。除约瑟夫·帕普(Joseph Papp)外,纽约莎士比亚戏剧节/公共剧院的章节还探讨了导演斯图尔特·沃恩(Stuart Vaughan),弗里德曼(Freedman),格拉迪斯·沃恩(Gladys Vaughan),AJ Antoon,威尔福德·里奇(Wilford Leach)和乔安妮·阿卡拉蒂斯(JoAnne Akalaitis)的作品。包括“采用百老汇的商业模式,而不是非盈利的区域剧院模式”(112)。奇怪的是,本章从未提及剧院在康涅狄格州斯特拉特福的位置。除约瑟夫·帕普(Joseph Papp)外,纽约莎士比亚戏剧节/公共剧院的章节还探讨了导演斯图尔特·沃恩(Stuart Vaughan),弗里德曼(Freedman),格拉迪斯·沃恩(Gladys Vaughan),AJ Antoon,威尔福德·里奇(Wilford Leach)和乔安妮·阿卡拉蒂斯(JoAnne Akalaitis)的作品。包括“采用百老汇的商业模式,而不是非盈利的区域剧院模式”(112)。奇怪的是,本章从未提及剧院在康涅狄格州斯特拉特福的位置。除约瑟夫·帕普(Joseph Papp)外,纽约莎士比亚戏剧节/公共剧院的章节还探讨了导演斯图尔特·沃恩(Stuart Vaughan),弗里德曼(Freedman),格拉迪斯·沃恩(Gladys Vaughan),AJ Antoon,威尔福德·里奇(Wilford Leach)和乔安妮·阿卡拉蒂斯(JoAnne Akalaitis)的作品。

对各种董事方法的分析提供了一些方面的见解。我们看...

更新日期:2020-12-31
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