Abstract:

This paper applies the listener-oriented approach (Andersen 1973, 1978; Ohala 1981, 1992) to two diachronic changes in Kashubian: diphthongization and the contextual preservation and loss of the jers. It is shown that acoustic and perceptual factors provide a plausible explanation for the consecutive stages in the evolution of the two phenomena. The Kashubian changes illustrate two major types of the listener-oriented mechanism: changes resulting from hypocorrection and hypercorrection. It is shown that while both mechanisms rely on a phonological reanalysis of ambiguous phonetic properties, the outcome differs in each case: (i) a coarticulatory property is reanalyzed as phonological and (ii) a phonetic element is associated with a phonological source that is distinct from the source assumed by the speaker. While this discussion provides support for the non-deterministic nature of sound change, conditions that promote one type of change while inhibiting the other are identified. In hypocorrective changes, the prior existence of a certain structure in the language facilitates the emergence of this structure in other contexts. Hypercorrective changes, on the other hand, are predicted to occur when a feature with a long acoustic span is involved. Similar processes in other, mostly Slavic, languages are identified and compared with the Kashubian changes, with the aim of filling some gaps in the typology and providing a uniform explanation for these and similar mechanisms of change.

摘要：

本文将面向听众的方法（Andersen 1973，1978; Ohala 1981，1992）应用于Kashubian的两个历时变化：双音化和上下文的保留和抖动的丢失。结果表明，听觉和感性因素为两种现象演变的连续阶段提供了合理的解释。Kashubian的更改说明了面向侦听器的机制的两种主要类型：由矫正和超矫正导致的更改。结果表明，尽管两种机制都依赖于歧义语音特性的语音重新分析，但每种情况下的结果都不同：（i）语音发音特性被重新分析为语音，并且（ii）语音元素与明显不同的语音源相关联从演讲者假设的来源。尽管此讨论为声音变化的不确定性提供了支持，但可以确定促进一种变化而抑制另一种变化的条件。在矫正性改变中，语言中某种结构的先验存在会促进这种结构在其他情况下的出现。另一方面，当涉及具有长声程的特征时，预计会发生超矫正变化。确定了其他（主要是斯拉夫语）语言中的类似过程，并将其与卡舒比式语言的变化进行比较，目的是填补类型学方面的空白，并为这些和类似的变化机制提供统一的解释。语言中某种结构的先验存在促进了这种结构在其他情况下的出现。另一方面，当涉及具有长声程的特征时，预计会发生超矫正变化。确定了其他（主要是斯拉夫语）语言中的类似过程，并将其与卡舒比式语言的变化进行比较，目的是填补类型学方面的空白，并为这些和类似的变化机制提供统一的解释。语言中某种结构的先验存在促进了这种结构在其他情况下的出现。另一方面，当涉及具有长声程的特征时，预计会发生超矫正变化。确定了其他（主要是斯拉夫语）语言中的类似过程，并将其与卡舒比式语言的变化进行比较，目的是填补类型学方面的空白，并为这些和类似的变化机制提供统一的解释。