• The DepartedBroken and unbroken symbols
• Dinda L. Gorlée (bio)

George Steiner (1929-2020) was a polyglot and polymath; indeed, he was the eminent scholar of almost everything to transform the modern world of humanities into the universe of learning from history. Born in a Viennese-Jewish family living in exile in Paris, the Steiner family had to emigrate again to the United States just before the Nazi-occupation of France in 1940. Studying at the University of Chicago and Harvard University, George Steiner was a student of literature to become the intellectually off-scale scholar of translation studies. He returned to Europe to do his doctoral work at Balliol College of the University of Oxford.

In the article "Humane literacy" published by The Times Literary Supplement (1963) and reprinted in The Critical Moment: Essays on the Nature of Literature (1964), Steiner struck, as a young French-American critic, a polemical blow to all post-war literature, since for him the insufficiency of evidence cannot reach the stage of intellectual and emotional conclusions. The negative position had secret roots, with his critiques of modern literature Steiner, as a Jewish survivor, attacked the extreme "silence" of post-war language, where the cultural mood was basically oriented towards the technological future. Steiner wanted to re-educate the cultural decay of humanity into real historical research.

Steiner's work started as literary journalist to review modern literature. Then, with the professorship of English language and comparative literature at the University of Geneva, Steiner progressed to the full voice of academic criticism. In his academic career, Steiner sought to find a remedy for his cultural skepsis. As an eminent scholar, he travelled around the world, working as Distinguished Fellow at the Universities of Princeton University, New York University, Yale University, and other teaching institutions. After his retirement, he became an Extraordinary Fellow at Churchill College of the University of Cambridge, where he died in 2020.

Steiner was an emigré thinker inspiring with exciting ideas and passionate thoughts by shifting intellectual readers between literary, historical, scientific, and cultural areas. He hunted after literary (that is, fictional) facts to explore the deeply felt irreality of cultural history and civilization, arts and science, language and politics, but the dignity of his torment was based on his Jewish faith against the secular world. The problematic but self-conscious character of Steiner's indefatigable writing-and-reading supersedes the scientific frontiers of academic departments to create one major universe for all students, taking part in art and sciences. Steiner's ultimate goal was to make from the fragmented culture divided in separate sciences—what he predicted as the future "postculture," which was learning the episodes of recent history of Europe's literature—to transform the critical thoughts into a new world. Steiner's first memory was inextricably bound up with the horror stories of cultural unhousedness and hospitability, racial inflation, and political history together with his family's struggles to survive the Nazi Holocaust. His research as a "second-hand" critic of literature was enriched by his infinite information to resolve the ignorance of the audience into his encouraging message to "the knowledge and governance of human possibility" for all readers. His skeptical concept crisscrossed the troublesome years of the Holocaust to reconstruct the art of future criticism.

Steiner's self-referentiality was affected by the subliminal traumas of his malformed right hand. He suffered this disability as a tentative sign of warning or perhaps alarm. Steiner's secret disability seemed to allow him to function without difficulties and uncertainties, but still seemed to make him spiritually unable to function as an equal in a social group. Instead, his mood radiated his aloof and arrogant superiority in scholarly talent. I recollect that, in early 1970, Steiner was invited to speak at a small gathering of translation theorists at the University of Nijmegen in the Netherlands. Translation studies had just emerged from the marginal footnotes of the experiences of the literary translator to operate as "free" translation of images, similes, and metaphors. Translation had built a "fresh" language, but the mixed branch of translation studies was still an illusion for the academic community. As I recall, Steiner's performance...

• 无间道破碎和完整的符号
• DindaL.Gorlée（生物）

乔治·史坦纳（George Steiner，1929-2020年）是一位通俗易懂的多学科专家。的确，他是几乎所有东西的杰出学者，旨在将现代人文世界转变为学习历史的宇宙。施泰纳一家出生于巴黎的一个维也纳犹太人家庭，流亡于巴黎，在1940年纳粹占领法国之前，他不得不再次移民到美国。乔治·施泰纳在芝加哥大学和哈佛大学学习，当时是一名学生。文学专业成为翻译研究领域的智障学者。他回到欧洲，在牛津大学巴利奥尔学院（Balliol College）从事博士工作。

在《泰晤士报》文学增刊（1963年）发表并在《关键时刻：文学性质随笔》（1964年）上转载的文章“悍马识字”中，施泰纳作为一名年轻的法裔美籍评论家，对所有人发表了争议性的打击。战争文学，因为对他而言，证据不足不能达到理智和情感结论的阶段。消极立场源于秘密，他对犹太人幸存者施泰纳（Steiner）的现代文学评论批评了战后语言的极端“沉默”，其文化情绪基本上是面向技术未来的。斯坦纳想将人类的文化衰退重新教育成真正的历史研究。

施泰纳的工作始于作为文学记者来回顾现代文学。然后，在日内瓦大学担任英语和比较文学教授一职后，施泰纳逐渐成为学术批评的代表。在他的学术生涯中，施泰纳（Steiner）寻求为他的文化概论找到一种补救方法。作为杰出的学者，他环游世界，在普林斯顿大学，纽约大学，耶鲁大学和其他教学机构中担任杰出研究员。退休后，他成为剑桥大学丘吉尔学院的特别会员，并于2020年去世。

斯坦纳是个移民思想家通过在文学，历史，科学和文化领域之间转移知识分子的读者，激发激动人心的想法和热情的思想。他追捕文学（即虚构的）事实，以探索文化历史和文明，艺术与科学，语言和政治中深深感受到的不真实感，但他的尊严建立在他对世俗世界的犹太信仰基础上。施泰纳不懈的写作和阅读具有问题性但具有自觉性，取代了学术部门的科学前沿，为所有参加艺术和科学的学生创造了一个主要的宇宙。施泰纳的最终目标是从分裂的文化中分离出不同的科学，将其作为未来的“后文化”，他们正在学习欧洲文学史的近况，从而将批判思想转变为一个新世界。斯坦纳的第一个记忆与文化无家可归，好客，种族通货膨胀和政治历史的恐怖故事以及他的家人为纳粹大屠杀而奋斗的经历密不可分。他作为“二手”文学评论家的研究因他无限的信息而得到丰富，以解决观众对他的“对人类可能性的认识和治理”的鼓舞性信息。他持怀疑态度的概念穿越了大屠杀的艰难岁月，以重建未来的批评艺术。他的第一个记忆与文化无家可归，好客，种族通货膨胀和政治历史的恐怖故事以及他的家人为纳粹大屠杀而奋斗的经历密不可分。他作为“二手”文学评论家的研究因他无限的信息而得以丰富，以解决观众的无知，成为他向所有读者传达的“人类可能性的知识和治理”令人鼓舞的信息。他持怀疑态度的概念穿越了大屠杀的艰难岁月，以重建未来的批评艺术。他的第一个记忆与文化无家可归，好客，种族通货膨胀和政治历史的恐怖故事以及他的家人为纳粹大屠杀而奋斗的经历密不可分。他作为“二手”文学评论家的研究因他无限的信息而得到丰富，以解决观众对他的“对人类可能性的认识和治理”的鼓舞性信息。他持怀疑态度的概念穿越了大屠杀的艰难岁月，以重建未来的批评艺术。文学评论家因其无穷的信息而丰富起来，以解决观众的无知，成为他向所有读者传达的“人类可能性的知识和治理”令人鼓舞的信息。他持怀疑态度的概念穿越了大屠杀的艰难岁月，以重建未来的批评艺术。文学评论家因其无穷的信息而丰富起来，以解决观众的无知，成为他向所有读者传达的“人类可能性的知识和治理”令人鼓舞的信息。他持怀疑态度的概念穿越了大屠杀的艰难岁月，以重建未来的批评艺术。

施泰纳的自我指称受到右手畸形的潜意识创伤的影响。他患有这种残疾，是一种暂时的警告或警报信号。施泰纳的秘密残疾似乎使他的工作没有困难和不确定性，但似乎仍使他在精神上无法在社会群体中发挥平等的作用。相反，他的心情散发着他在学术才能上的超然与傲慢。我记得在1970年初，施泰纳（Steiner）应邀在荷兰的奈梅亨大学（University of Nijmegen）的一次翻译理论家聚会上发表演讲。翻译研究刚刚从文学翻译经验的边缘脚注中出现，可以作为图像，明喻和隐喻的“免费”翻译。翻译建立了一种“新鲜”的语言，但是翻译研究的混合分支仍然对学术界是一种幻想。我记得斯坦纳的表现...