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Victims of Political Choice: Noble Refugees from Dobrzyń Land, 1391–1405 and Later
East Central Europe ( IF 0.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-11 , DOI: 10.30965/18763308-04701007
Sobiesław Szybkowski 1
Affiliation  

The political history of the small territory of Dobrzyń Land became much more complex at the beginning of Władysław Jagiełło’s rule (1386–1434). Władysław of Opole pledged part of Dobrzyń Land (the castle of Złotoria, 1391) to the Teutonic Knights. Then in 1392, after a short war against the king of Poland, Władysław of Opole pawned the entirety of Dobrzyń Land to the Teutonic knights. Neither King Władysław Jagiełło nor the Polish political elite recognized the legality of the pledge. However, the rule of the Teutonic Knights in Dobrzyń Land led to the polarization of political attitudes among the local noblemen. A faction of local noble elites, the so-called Teutonic party, accepted the rule of the Order and collaborated eagerly with the temporary rulers of the land. Another faction, the so-called the royal party, did not agree to the rule of the Order and chose to emigrate to territories ruled directly by Władysław Jagiełło. Their domains in Dobrzyń Land were confiscated by the Order. The Polish king in response gave them temporary possessions within the territory of the kingdom. The situation reversed in 1405 when Dobrzyń Land was redeemed by Władysław Jagiełło. As a consequence, the refugees returned and redeemed land confiscated by the Order. Repression in turn by the Polish ruler induced some of the Teutonic party to seek the protection of the Order in Prussia. A few years later, as a result of the Polish-Lithuanian–Teutonic war (1409–1411), Dobrzyń Land was again occupied by the Teutonic Knights. Once more, some of the nobles fled from their homeland to territories unoccupied by the Teutonic Knights, while some of the Teutonic party returned to Dobrzyń Land. In the end, as a result of the Teutonic Knights’s defeat at the Battle of Grunwald (1410) and decisions of the First Peace of Toruń (1411), Dobrzyń Land came again under the long-term rule of Polish kings. That meant the return of refugees from the royal party and again forced the Teutonic Knights’ supporters to go into exile. In the end, some of the latter reconciled with the Polish king and came back to their homeland. Some, however, remained in the Teutonic State, where they were given domains.



中文翻译:

政治选择的受害者:多勃赞土地上的贵族难民,1391-1405年及以后

在弗拉迪斯瓦夫·贾吉洛沃统治时期(1386–1434)的初期,多布任兰德(DobrzyńLand)小领土的政治历史变得更加复杂。奥波莱(Opole)的瓦迪斯瓦(Władysław)承诺向条顿骑士团(DoutzyńKnights)出售DobrzyńLand(兹沃里亚城堡,1391年)的一部分。然后在1392年,在与波兰国王的短暂战争之后,奥波莱的瓦迪斯瓦夫将全部的杜布林土地当成条顿骑士。瓦迪斯瓦夫·贾吉洛瓦国王和波兰政治精英都没有承认这一承诺的合法性。然而,杜布森州条顿骑士团的统治导致了当地贵族之间政治态度的两极分化。当地贵族的一个派系,即所谓的条顿人党,接受了该秩序的统治,并与该地的临时统治者进行了积极的合作。另一个派别,即所谓的皇室党,不同意该命令的规则,而是选择移民到WładysławJagiełło直接统治的领土。他们在DobrzyńLand的领土被该命令没收。作为回应,波兰国王在王国领土内给了他们临时财产。情况在1405年发生了逆转,当时多夫申·兰(WbradysławJagiełło)赎回了多布赞·兰德(DobrzyńLand)。结果,难民返回并赎回了该命令没收的土地。波兰统治者的镇压反过来诱使条顿人的一些党派在普鲁士寻求保护。几年后,由于波兰-立陶宛-条顿人战争(1409-1411)的结果,多布任人再次被条顿骑士团占领。再有,一些贵族从家乡逃往条顿骑士团所没占的领土,条顿人党的一些人则返回了多布赞土地。最后,由于条顿人骑士团在格伦瓦尔德战役(1410)中被击败,以及托伦第一次和平(1411)的决定,多勃赞德土地又一次受到了波兰国王的长期统治。这意味着难民从皇室党返回,并再次迫使条顿人骑士团的支持者流亡国外。最后,后者中的一些人与波兰国王和解,并回到了他们的家园。但是,有些人仍然留在条顿人州,并在这里被划为领地。这意味着难民从皇室党返回,并再次迫使条顿人骑士团的支持者流亡国外。最后,后者中的一些人与波兰国王和解,并回到了他们的家园。但是,有些人仍然留在条顿人州,并在这里被划为领地。这意味着难民从皇室党返回,并再次迫使条顿人骑士团的支持者流亡国外。最后,后者中的一些人与波兰国王和解,并回到了他们的家园。但是,有些人仍然留在条顿人州,并在这里被划为领地。

更新日期:2020-04-11
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