This article considers the transfer of medical knowledge from Europe to the Ottoman empire and argues that what was significant in such transfer was medical practice rather than textual transfer, that the Ottomans were open to adopting medical knowledge from the non-Islamic world, the deciding factor being not the origin but the successful nature of the treatment, and that if there was a border which medical knowledge did not traverse, it was one created by everyday custom not by any Muslim/Christian divide or rejection of knowledge from outside.

中文翻译：

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实践中的医学：欧洲对奥斯曼帝国人居环境的影响

本文考虑了从欧洲到奥斯曼帝国的医学知识转移，并认为这种转移的重要意义在于医学实践而非文本转移，奥斯曼人愿意接受来自非伊斯兰世界的医学知识，这是决定性因素这不是治疗的起源，而是治疗的成功本质，而且如果存在医学知识无法跨越的边界，那么它就是每天的习俗创造出来的，而不是穆斯林/基督教徒对知识的外部划分或拒绝。