One of Plato’s principal innovations is the notion of psychic illness. He discusses this topic in different dialogues: in the Timaeus the discussion is based on a physiological theory and is set in a cosmological framework. The article focuses on this account of the diseases of the soul and explains the ‘diagnostic’ part of it, as well as the ‘therapeutic’ one. It raises three main problems: first, the natural determinism of psychic illness, which is the outcome of bodily defectiveness; second, the interactionist dualism between body and soul, their mutual influence that determines both insanity and health; third, the intellectual moralism, because we should not be held responsible for our mental disabilities.

柏拉图的主要创新之一是精神疾病的概念。他在不同的对话中讨论了这个主题：在Timaeu​​s中，讨论是基于生理学理论，并且是在宇宙学框架内进行的。本文着重于对灵魂疾病的描述，并解释了其中的“诊断”部分以及“治疗”部分。它提出了三个主要问题：第一，精神疾病的自然决定论，这是身体缺陷的结果；第二，身体与灵魂之间的互动主义二元论，决定着精神错乱和健康的相互影响。第三，思想道德，因为我们不应对我们的智力障碍负责。