I explore here how aware speakers are of the history of their language as they use it and how aware of typology they are. I advocate for a speaker-oriented viewpoint and argue ultimately that speakers know little to nothing about language history and less about typology, and yet they behave in ways that essentially create typology and history. I offer a number of examples, mainly from Sanskrit and Greek, covering sound change and grammatical change and discuss issues regarding naturalness, gradualness, and social indexing.

中文翻译：

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讲者对历史和类型学知道或不知道的是什么

我在这里探讨说话者在使用语言时对其语言历史的了解程度以及对语言类型的了解程度。我主张以演讲者为导向的观点，并最终说出演讲者对语言历史了解甚少，而对类型学则知之甚少，但他们的行为方式实质上会创造类型学和历史。我提供了许多例子，主要来自梵语和希腊语，涵盖了声音变化和语法变化，并讨论了有关自然性，渐进性和社会索引的问题。