The debate as to whether syntax can be borrowed has spurred much scholarly inquiry among those who argue that syntax cannot be borrowed () and those in favor of the ‘anything-goes’ argument (Thomason, 2001). In contribution to this debate, this study examines the contact-induced processes behind the variation of Basque Differential Object Marking (dom). We examine the use of Basque dom in the spontaneous speech of 42 speakers whose variety has been in a long-standing contact with Spanish (Gernika Basque) and 15 speakers of a ‘newly’ standardized variety (Standard Basque). We additionally examine the spontaneous speech of their leísmo in order to make a case that Basque dom is not an example of syntactic borrowing but involves a process of replica grammaticalization () whereby speakers replicate their use of leísmo either through matter-borrowing, pattern-borrowing or a combination of both.

关于是否可以借用语法的争论激起了许多学者的质疑，这些人认为不能借用语法（）和赞成“一切皆有”的论点（Thomason，2001）。为了推动这场辩论，本研究考察了巴斯克差分对象标记（dom）变异背后的接触诱导过程。我们在42位发言人的自发演讲中考察了巴斯克dom的使用情况，该发言人与西班牙人（Gernika Basque）长期保持联系，而15名“新”标准化品种（Standard Basque）的发言者。我们还检查他们的自然语音leísmo为了让的情况下巴斯克DOM是不句法借用的一个例子，但是涉及复制文法化（）的过程，说话者可以通过物质借用，模式借用或两者结合来复制他们对语气的使用。