This paper is a comparison of nine Arawakan languages sharing a rare phenomenon in the Americas: differential subject marking. We argue that the languages involved display a group of predicates with oblique case marking on the subject, similar to the subject-like obliques in Icelandic and Hindi. Comparison with bivalent constructions provides a strong argument for the diachronic process of objects gradually acquiring subject properties. In addition, we discuss the distribution of this oblique marking and object marking in some of the Arawakan languages. This paper shows that these two marking strategies are in fact complementary; the existence of these two markings allows expressing semantico-pragmatics subtleties. Thus, it illustrates a specific realization of the differential marking of the subject in non-accusative languages. Examining the possibilities of language contact with non-Arawakan languages, such as Tukanoan or Witotoan languages, or between Arawakan languages, especially in the North-Western region of Amazonia, we conclude that this phenomenon is inherited in the Arawakan language family, considering the absence of other languages with such differential marking in South America and the attestations of this phenomenon in Arawakan languages as many as 500 years ago.

本文是对九种阿拉瓦坎语的比较，它们在美洲有着罕见的现象：差异性主题标记。我们认为所涉及的语言在主题上显示一组带有斜格标记的谓词，类似于冰岛语和北印度语中类似主题的斜线。与二价结构的比较为物体逐渐获得主体特性的历时过程提供了有力的依据。另外，我们讨论了某些Arawakan语言中这种倾斜标记和对象标记的分布。本文表明这两种标记策略实际上是相辅相成的。这两个标记的存在允许表达语义-语用上的微妙之处。因此，它说明了以非宾格语言对对象进行差异标记的一种具体实现。