Jewish English writing uses multiple combinations of the Hebrew and English alphabets. This paper demonstrates those uses, giving examples from rabbinic literature, Yiddish and Ladino newspapers, handwritten notes, pedagogical materials, organizations’ and restaurants’ logos, and regalia advertising sports teams, universities, and political candidates. The analysis demonstrates that hybrid combinations of Hebrew and English writing serve four functions: 1) Translanguaging: Enabling people who have access to (elements of) English and a traditionally Hebrew-script language (Yiddish, Ladino, Modern Hebrew, Textual Hebrew, Textual Jewish Aramaic) to represent both languages in the same text; 2) Symbolism: Highlighting English-speaking Jews’ Jewish and other identities simultaneously; 3) Code: Communicating coded messages to other Jews; and 4) Pedagogy: Teaching Hebrew decoding to English speakers or teaching English to readers of Yiddish or Ladino. Digraphic texts are bivalent, seen as part of multiple languages simultaneously.

犹太英语写作使用希伯来语和英语字母的多种组合。本文演示了这些用法，并举例说明了阿拉伯文文学，意第绪语和拉迪诺报纸，手写笔记，教学材料，组织和餐馆的徽标，以及为体育队，大学和政治候选人提供广告宣传。分析表明，希伯来语和英语写作的混合组合具有四个功能：1）跨语言翻译：使能够使用英语和传统希伯来语语言（英语）的人（英语），希伯来语，拉丁语，现代希伯来语，文本希伯来语，文本犹太人阿拉姆语）在同一文本中代表两种语言；2）象征主义：同时突出讲英语的犹太人的犹太人身份和其他身份；3）代码：将编码后的消息传达给其他犹太人；和4）教育学：向讲英语的人讲希伯来语解码，或向意第绪语或拉迪诺语的读者讲英语。字母文字是二价的，同时被视为多种语言的一部分。