The challenges posed by weapons with autonomous functions are not a tabula rasa. The capabilities of both State principals and military agents to control and channel violence for political purposes have improved across the centuries as technology has increased the range and lethality of weapons as well as the scope of warfare. The institutional relations between principals and agents have been adapted to account for, and take advantage of, these developments. Air forces encompass one realm where distance, speed, and lethality have been subjected to substantial and effective control. Air forces are also where systems with autonomous functionality will likely drive the most visible adaptation to command and control arrangements. This process will spread across other domains as States pursue institution-centric and agent-centric strategies to secure meaningful human control over artificial agents as they become increasingly capable of replacing human agents in military (and other) functions. Agent-centric approaches that consider emergent behaviour as akin to human judgment and institutional approaches that improve the ability to understand, interrogate, monitor, and audit the decisions and behaviour of artificial agents can together drive improvements in meaningful human control over warfare, just as previous adaptations have.

具有自主功能的武器所构成的挑战不是塔布拉。几个世纪以来，随着技术增加了武器的杀伤力和杀伤力以及战争范围，国家负责人和军事人员控制和传播暴力以达到政治目的的能力都得到了改善。委托人和代理人之间的机构关系已被调整为考虑并利用这些发展。空军涵盖了对距离，速度和杀伤力进行实质性和有效控制的一个领域。空军也是具有自主功能的系统很可能会推动对指挥和控制安排的最明显的适应。随着各国奉行以机构为中心和以代理人为中心的战略，以确保人为地控制人造代理人，随着它们越来越有能力取代军事（和其他）职能中的代理人，这一过程将遍及其他领域。以代理人为中心的方法将紧急行为视为类似于人类的判断，而体制性方法则可以提高对人工代理人的决策和行为的理解，讯问，监视和审计的能力，从而可以共同推动人类对战争的有意义的控制，就像以前一样。适应了。