This article focuses on technical innovations, new interregional networks, and social upheavals in the fourth millennium BCE. Similar trends in the iconography of the lion, the heraldic animal of power, can be observed in Egypt, Mesopotamia, and the Caucasus. This indicates that a process of concentration of power in the hands of strong rulers or kings took place relatively synchronously in these regions. The exchange of coveted raw materials such as copper and silver was connected with the transfer of knowledge between these regions, which can be seen in metal objects such as daggers and knives.

中文翻译：

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公元前四千年的欧亚大陆和古埃及

本文重点介绍公元前四千年的技术创新，新的区域间网络和社会动荡。在埃及，美索不达米亚和高加索地区，可以观察到狮子这种象征纹章的动物的类似趋势。这表明在这些地区，权力集中在强大的统治者或国王手中的过程是相对同步的。令人垂涎的原材料（如铜和银）的交换与这些地区之间的知识转移有关，这在匕首和刀等金属物体中可以看到。