Excavations at Old Dongola in 2018/2019 led to the discovery of a quarter of wattle-and-daub houses located outside the town walls. The houses, dated to the 17th − 18th century, are arranged in compounds and visibly differ from other dwellings. This paper aims to identify the functional and social organisation of domestic space, based primarily on the analysis of access and activity areas. It sheds light on the relations of private and public space as well as gender divisions. The paper also addresses the question of the identity of dwellers and the social structure of the town in the Funj period.

中文翻译：

---

居住在墙外：Funj时代老东戈拉的篱笆墙和房屋的四分之一

2018/2019年在老东格拉（Old Dongola）进行的挖掘工作发现了位于城墙外的四分之一蜡木和涂抹房屋。这些房屋的历史可追溯到17至18世纪，排列成大院，与其他房屋明显不同。本文旨在基于对访问和活动区域的分析来确定家庭空间的功能和社会组织。它阐明了私人空间和公共空间以及性别划分的关系。本文还讨论了在Funj时期居民身份和城镇社会结构的问题。