This essay is concerned with the meaning of torah and its relationship with wisdom in late Second Temple Judaism. It has been previously argued that, as the Mosaic torah had gained dominance, the wisdom school absorbed and accommodated the Mosaic torah tradition, and yet maintained all the essential elements of the sapiential tradition. Through a study of two Jewish apocalypses, 4 Ezra and 2 Baruch, the essay discovers not only the sapientialization of the Mosaic torah, but also the total submission of the wisdom tradition under the authority of the Mosaic torah tradition to gain legitimacy. It argues that this is done through a submission of sapiential revelations to the Mosaic revelation received at Sinai, and a portrayal of wisdom recipients and apocalyptic visionaries as types of Moses. This process reflects religious innovation under the disguise of compliance with established, older traditions.

本文关注的是律法的含义及其与晚期第二圣殿犹太教智慧的关系。以前有人认为，随着马赛克托拉获得主导地位，智慧学派吸收并容纳了马赛克托拉传统，但仍保留了智慧传统的所有基本要素。通过对两个犹太启示录（以斯拉记 4 章和巴鲁克 2 章）的研究，本文不仅发现了马赛克律法的智慧化，而且还发现了智慧传统在马赛克律法的权威下完全屈服以获得合法性。它认为这是通过将智慧启示提交给在西奈半岛收到的马赛克启示来完成的，并将智慧接受者和世界末日幻想家描绘成摩西的类型。