Although Islamic law generally identifies all free Muslim males as equal members of society, irrespective of race or ancestry, a peculiar exception is made for those who claim patrilineal descent from the Arab chieftain Hāshim b. ‘Abd Manāf, the great-grandfather of the Prophet Muḥammad. Drawing on hagiography and ḥadīth, Sunni and Shi‘i authors ascribe special nobility, privileges and customs to members of the clan of Hāshim. Jurists also incorporated their adoration of and respect for the Prophet’s family into their views of Islamic law. In particular, since the Prophet Muḥammad was revered as an individual who was pure (ṭāhir, zakī), some jurists held that Hāshimids possessed the same purity. The Prophet’s identities as an Arab and as a Qurashī also conferred certain legal privileges on members of these groups. After noting parallels to other high-status groups in early Muslim society, I examine more than a dozen laws that classical Sunni and Twelver Shi‘i jurists characterized as specific to the Prophet’s progeny and Household (ahl al-bayt).

尽管伊斯兰法律通常将所有自由的穆斯林男性都视为社会的平等成员，而不论其种族或血统如何，但对于那些声称从阿拉伯酋长哈希姆b继承父系血统的人来说，却是一个特殊的例外。'先知穆罕默德的曾祖父阿卜杜勒·马纳夫（AbdManāf）。逊尼派和什叶派作者利用航海学和萨迪斯著作，将特殊的贵族，特权和习俗归功于哈希姆家族成员。法学家还将对先知的家庭的崇拜和尊重纳入他们对伊斯兰法律的看法。特别是因为先知穆罕默德（Muḥammad）被尊为纯洁的个人（ṭāhir，zakī），一些法学家认为，哈希米德斯人具有同样的纯度。先知作为阿拉伯人和古拉希人的身份也赋予了这些团体成员某些法律特权。在注意到与早期穆斯林社会中其他地位较高的团体的相似之处之后，我研究了十几个古典逊尼派和十二世什叶派法学家所特有的法律，这些法律特定于先知的后代和家庭（ahl al-bayt）。