When the negative outcome of globalization in the 1990s was becoming more visible and transnational companies were heavily criticized, the first global union federations started to negotiate transnational agreements with transnational companies to counter unilateral codes of conduct which had been proclaimed at that time. Today there are more than 140 international framework agreements (‘IFAs’) with the aim of ensuring social standards are at place, some dedicated to specific topics. These agreements developed and now often contain specific provisions on implementation and monitoring, sometimes including complaint and dispute resolution mechanisms. Some of these IFAs provide local trade unions with specific rights like access to the premises or neutrality in case of unionizing campaigns. Thriving examples are the Indonesian Freedom of Association Protocol and the Bangladesh Accord, which contain detailed provisions, as will be analyzed below. This development may be described as the beginning of transnational collective bargaining.

当1990年代的全球化负面结果变得越来越明显并且跨国公司受到严厉批评时，第一个全球工会联合会开始与跨国公司谈判跨国协议，以反对当时宣布的单方面行为守则。如今，有140多个国际框架协议（“ IFA s”）旨在确保制定社会标准，其中一些专门针对特定主题。这些协议已经制定，现在通常包含有关实施和监控的具体规定，有时还包括投诉和争议解决机制。其中一些IFA赋予当地工会特定的权利，例如进入工会场所或工会活动时保持中立。印尼结社自由议定书和孟加拉国协议就是一个很好的例子，其中包含详细规定，下面将对此进行分析。这种发展可以说是跨国集体谈判的开始。