This study examines the respective theological assumptions of two major forces in nineteenth-century Judaism—the Musar and the early Hasidic movements, and the way in which the budding concept of the unconscious illuminates both. Often translated as an ethical approach, the Musar movement originated from Lithuania and focused on Torah study as it deemed Talmud insufficient to create a deep, emotional attachment to Judaism; yet, despite their shared emphasis on emotions and their criticism of talmudic studies, the Musar movement was at odds with Hasidism, the mystical Jewish current that swept Eastern Europe from the eighteenth century onward. Through an examination of the biblical motif of the binding of Isaac, and the reaction of Abraham, this article will probe both movements’ analysis of the patriarch’s psychological make up. Such a comparison of their understanding of the pre-conscious psychic states will illustrate the nature of their theological opposition.

这项研究考察了19世纪犹太教中的两个主要力量的各自的神学假设，即穆萨尔（Musar）运动和早期的哈西德运动，以及无意识的萌芽概念阐明这两者的方式。穆萨尔运动通常被翻译成一种道德方法，起源于立陶宛，并专注于对律法书的研究，因为它认为塔木德不足以对犹太教产生深深的情感依恋。然而，尽管穆萨尔运动一向强调情感并批评滑石研究，但它与哈西德主义（Hasidism）相悖，后者是从18世纪开始席卷东欧的神秘犹太潮流。通过考察以撒结合的圣经主题以及亚伯拉罕的反应，本文将探讨这两个运动对族长心理构成的分析。