Recent critiques of rights have enabled alternative understandings of their role in contemporary politics. In this article, I focus on the emergence of a performative understanding of rights, which conceptualises rights claims as reiterative acts that remake the protections and privileges marked out by rights. This promising reconstruction of rights requires a rethinking of the ethical justification of rights claims. If rights claims are creative political acts, rather than especially important duties, a justification focused on certainty and constraint will not do. Yet, we must still ask: what is a good rights claim? I argue, first, that a performative account of rights requires an ethical justification that embraces contingency while still providing an account of good political creativity, and, second, that focusing on the use of normative claims to address specific problems, which I term a situationist ethics—drawing on the philosophy of John Dewey, provides better grounding for performative rights claims.

最近对权利的批评使人们对其权利在当代政治中的作用有了另一种理解。在本文中，我着重于对权利的一种执行性理解，这种理解将权利要求概念化为重复性行为，重新赋予了权利所标明的保护和特权。这种对权利的有希望的重建需要重新考虑权利主张的伦理依据。如果权利主张是创造性的政治行为，而不是特别重要的职责，那么专注于确定性和约束性的辩解就不会起作用。但是，我们仍然必须问：什么是良好的权利主张？我认为，首先，权利的执行性说明需要有道德上的理由，既要具有偶然性，又要提供良好的政治创造力，其次，