This article deals with the recent rise of populist tendencies and their meaning in contemporary democracies within the EU, including Eastern Europe. It stresses the importance of two interrelated and interconnected processes that provide a fertile ground for the emergence of different types of populism – crisis of parliamentary multi-party democracy and pressures of supranational integration and globalisation. Populism has the ambition to address both, to solve the political crisis and defend national sovereignty against globalism by personifying politics as a way of concentrating power. This means a tendency toward a (semi)-authoritarian (but still competitive) regime and state-led capitalism. In addition, new allies and protectors in an emerging new, multi-polar global order and outside of the EU and Western sphere are sought.

本文讨论了民粹主义倾向的近期兴起及其在包括东欧在内的欧盟内部当代民主国家中的含义。它强调了两个相互关联和相互联系的过程的重要性，这两个过程为出现不同类型的民粹主义提供了沃土-议会多党民主制危机和超国家一体化和全球化的压力。民粹主义有野心要解决这两个问题，解决政治危机，并通过将政治人格化为集中力量的方式捍卫国家主权免受全球主义的侵害。这意味着趋向于（半）专制（但仍具有竞争性）政权和国家主导的资本主义。此外，正在寻求在新兴的多极化全球秩序中以及在欧盟和西方范围之外的新盟友和保护者。